Climate change impacts, vulnerability and …

1 Climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in ZimbabweDonald Brown, Rabecca Rance Chanakira, Kudzai Chatiza, Mutuso Dhliwayo, David Dodman, Medicine Masiiwa, Davison Muchadenyika, Prisca Mugabe and Sherpard Zvigadza Climate change WORKING PAPER : DECEMBER 2012 IIED Climate change Working Paper Series The IIED Climate change Working Paper Series aims to improve and accelerate the public availability of the research undertaken by IIED and its partners. In line with the objectives of all Climate change research undertaken by IIED, the IIED Climate change Working Paper Series presents work that focuses on improving the capacity of the most vulnerable groups in developing countries to adapt to the impacts of Climate change , and on ensuring the equitable distribution of benefits presented by Climate -resilient low carbon development strategies.

2 The series therefore covers issues of and relationships between governance, poverty, economics, equity and environment under a changing series is intended to present research in a preliminary form for feedback and discussion. Readers are encouraged to provide comments to the authors whose contact details are included in each guidelines on submission of papers to the series, see the inside back editors: Suzannah Fisher and Hannah ReidScientific editor: Ian BurtonCoordinating editor: Nicole KentonPublished by IIED, 2012 Brown, D., Rance Chanakira, R., Chatiza, K., Dhliwayo, M., Dodman, D., Masiiwa, M., Muchadenyika, D., Prisca Mugabe, P. and Zvigadza, S. (2012). Climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in Zimbabwe.

3 IIED Climate change Working Paper No. 3, October 2012 IIED order no: 10034 IIED ISBN 978-1-84369-885-2 ISSN 2048-7851 (Print) ISSN 2048-786X (Online) Designed by Andy WilkinsonClimate change Group International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) 80-86 Gray s Inn Road, London WC1X 8NH, UKTel: +44 (0)20 3463 7399 Fax: +44 (0)20 3514 9055email: change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in ZimbabweDonald Brown, Rabecca Rance Chanakira, Kudzai Chatiza, Mutuso Dhliwayo, David Dodman, Medicine Masiiwa, Davison Muchadenyika, Prisca Mugabe and Sherpard Zvigadza IIED Climate change Working Paper No. 3, December 2012 This paper reviews impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to Climate change in Zimbabwe, with the intention of providing a broad overview of the key issues related to Climate change facing this particular country.

4 It draws on a set of background papers that were produced by the Policy and Advocacy for Climate change in Zimbabwe project funded by the UK Department for International Development (DfID) and implemented by IIED, the Zimbabwe Regional Environment Organisation (ZERO), and Dialogue on Shelter. These papers examine Climate trends, scenarios and projections for Zimbabwe and draw upon a variety of case studies on adaptation projects (see Annex 1). This working paper highlights the main themes, findings and conclusions arising from these studies and examines their implications for future research and policy. While its primary relevance is for policy-makers, practitioners and researchers in Zimbabwe, it is anticipated that the general lessons are relevant for a broader set of countries that are dealing with similar environmental, demographic and institutional challenges, particularly in sub-Saharan change I Climate change IMPACTS, vulnerability AND adaptation IN ZIMBABWE I IIED Climate change Working Paper No.

5 3 AcknowledgementsThis working paper draws on research conducted as part of the Meeting Information and Advocacy Needs for Climate change adaptation in Zimbabwe project funded by the UK Government s Department for International Development (DfID). The project was coordinated by the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), and implemented by the Zimbabwe Regional Environment Organisation (ZERO) and Dialogue on Shelter for the Homeless Trust. For further information about Climate change impacts, responses and policy in Zimbabwe, contact Sherpard Zvigadza at ZERO research papers and case studies addressed Local Climate change Impacts in Zimbabwe (Prisca Mugabe); Economics of Climate change adaptation in Zimbabwe (Medicine Masiiwa); Policy and Legal Framework for Climate change (Mutuso Dhliwayo); Climate change and Housing in Zimbabwe (Kudzai Chatiza and Davison Muchadenyika); Climate change and Gender (Rabecca Rance Chanakira); Meeting the Health Needs of People Living with HIv and Aids in the Framework of Climate change in Zimbabwe (verengai Mabika); Impacts of Climate change on Agriculture in Zimbabwe (Leonard Unganayi).

6 Water and Gender Issues in Zimbabwe (Swedish Cooperative Centre); and Climate change impact on Water Resources in Zimbabwe (ZIMNET). The research and the production of this Working Paper were funded by UK aid from the UK Government, however the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of the UK the authorsDonald Brown, Researcher, ICF GHK International Email: Zvigadza, Acting Director ZERO Regional Environment Organisation Email: Rance Chanakira, Senior Researcher/Director Tavren Enterprises Pvt Ltd Email: Kudzai Chatiza, Development Researcher and Consultant, Harare, Center for Applied Social Sciences- CASS Trust Email: Dhliwayo, Director Zimbabwe Lawyers Association (ZELA) Email: Dodman, Senior Researcher Human Settlements & Climate change Groups International Institute for Environment and Development Email.

7 Medicine Masiiwa, Research Fellow Institute of Development Studies - University of Zimbabwe Email: Davison Muchadenyika, Researcher Center for Applied Social Sciences- Trust (CASS Trust) Email: H. Mugabe, Senior Lecturer Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture - University of Zimbabwe Email: Zvigadza, Acting Director ZERO Regional Environment Organisation Email: change IMPACTS, vulnerability AND adaptation IN ZIMBABWE I Climate change I Contents Acronyms i List of boxes.

8 Tables and figures i Executive summary Introduction Socio-economic context Climate change in Zimbabwe Aspects of vulnerability in Zimbabwe: sectoral issues and cross-cutting themes Agriculture Water Health Infrastructure and energy Infrastructure Energy Human settlements Gender Costs of impacts and adaptations Responding to Climate change .

9 Lessons from practice Case studies Coping with drought and Climate change in Chiredzi District Managing Climate vulnerability in Makuwerere Ward Mainstreaming Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction at the district, provincial and national levels Increasing food and livelihood security in Matabeleland South Province adaptation among PLHIV groups led by ZNNP+ Adapting key sectors CBA as an approach to adaptation Legislative framework and Climate governance Legislative framework Climate governance Conclusion.

10 The way forward Challenges Lessons learnt Recommendations 23 References 24 Annex 1 - Summary of background papers 28 Annex 2 Zimbabwe s agro-ecological zones 30 Climate change I Climate change IMPACTS, vulnerability AND adaptation IN ZIMBABWEi I IIED Climate change Working Paper No. 3 AcronymsACTS African Centre for Technological StudiesAfDB African Development BankCAD S Cluster Agriculture and Development ServiceCBA Community-based AdaptationCBAA Community based adaptation in AfricaCGA Climate Governance in AfricaCSS Community Systems StrengtheningDfID UK Department of International DevelopmentDRI Development Reality InstituteECA Economic of Climate AdaptationGDP Gross Domestic ProductGEF Global Environment FacilityGNI Gross National IncomeGoZ Government of ZimbabweHDI Human Development IndexICT Information Communication TechnologyIDRC International Development Research CentreIEC Information.