Coal Conversion Facts - Drummond Company

1 ConversionsTo obtain:-Air DryDry BasisAs Received - multiplyar by: 100-IM%100 100 - TM%100 - TM%ad by: 100100 - TM%100 - IM%100 - I M %db by:100-IM%100 - TM%100 100[For daf, multiplydbby 100/(100-A)]Example: - Ash :Metric ton (t) = tonne = 1000 kilograms (= lb)Imperial or long ton (lt) = kilograms (= 2240 lb)Short (US) ton (st) = kilograms (= 2000 lb)Conversions:From long tonto metric tonmultiplyby short tonto metric tonmultiplyby million tonnesMtce million tonnes of coal equivalent (= Mtoe)Mtoemillion tonnes of oil equivalentBasis of Analysis DefinitionsAs Received (ar):includes Total Moisture (TM)Air Dried (ad):includes Inherent Moisture (IM)onlyDry Basis (db):excludes all MoistureDry Ash Free (daf).

2 Excludes all Moisture & AshThe Proximate Analysis of any coal the % content of Moisture, Ash (A),Volatile Matter (VM), Fixed Carbon (FC) also Sulphur (S)and CalorificValue (CV) can be expressed on any of the above Conversion Facts WORLD COAL 2007 Calorific Values (CV)Units:kcal/kg kilocalories per kilogramMJ/kg* Megajoules per kilogramBtu/lb british thermal units per pound* 1 MJ/kg = 1 Gigajoule/tonne (GJ/t)Gross & Net Calorific ValuesGross CVor higher heating value (HHV) is the CVunder CVor lower heating value (LHV) is the useful calorific value in boiler difference is essentially the latent heat of the water vapour produced.

3 Conversions UnitsFrom kcal/kgto MJ/kgmultiply kcal/kg by kcal/kgto Btu/lbmultiply kcal/kg by MJ/kgto kcal/kgmultiply MJ/kg by MJ/kg to Btu/lbmultiply MJ/kg by Btu/lb to kcal/kgmultiply Btu/lb by Btu/lbto MJ/kgmultiply Btu/lb by Conversions Gross/Net (per ISO, for As Received figures)kcal/kg: Net CV = Gross CV - : Net CV = Gross CV - : Net CV = Gross CV - where Mis % Moisture, His % Hydrogen, Ois % Oxygen (from ultimateanalysis*, also As Received). *Ultimate analysis determines the amount of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen & typical bituminous coal with 10% Mand 25% Volatile Matter, thedifferences between gross and net calorific values are approximately as follows.

4 260 MJ/kg470 Btu/lbPower Generation1 MWh= 3600 MJ1 MW= 1 MJ/s1 MW( thermal power) [MWth] = approx 1000 kg steam/hour1MW(electrical power) [MWe] = approx MW( thermal power)3A 600 MWe coal-fired power station operating at 38% efficiency and 75%overall availability will consume approximately: Bituminous coal (CV 6000 kcal/kg NAR*): Mt/year Brown coal (CV 2250 kcal/kg NAR*): Mt/year *Net As ReceivedSources: GWC Coal Handbook & IEA Clean Coal Centr