COLD STORAGE - DCMSME

1 cold STORAGEPRODUCT CODE: 741000008 ( cold STORAGE )215001001 (Ice Blocks)QUALITY AND STANDARDS: (a) The Directorate of Marketing and Inspection,Govt of India, Ministry of Rural andEmployment, is regulating cold Storageindustry under cold STORAGE Order, 1980promulgated under Essential CommoditiesAct, 1955 all over India except in the Statesof UP, West Bengal, Punjab and Haryana.(b) For Ice Blocks BIS Specification No. IS 3957 PRODUCTION CAPACITY: cold STORAGE -4000 MT (per annum)Ice Blocks -7500 MT (per annum)MONTH AND YEAR: May, 2003OF PREPARATIONPREPARED BY:Small Industries Service Institute,Industrial Area -B,Ludhiana-141 003 Phone : 0161-2531733-34-35 Fax : 0161-2533225E. Mail: STORAGE is a special kind ofroom, the temperature of, which is keptvery low with the help of machines andprecision instruments. India is having aunique geographical position and a widerange of soil thus producing variety offruits and vegetables like apples, grapes,oranges, potatoes, chillies, ginger, products are also being producedin large quantities due to large coastalareas.

2 The present production level offruits and vegetables is more than 100million MT and keeping in view thegrowth rate of population and demand,the production of perishable commoditiesis increasing every year. The cold storagefacilities are the prime infrastructuralcomponent for such perishablecommodities. Besides the role ofstabilizing market prices and evenlydistributing both on demand basis andtime basis, the cold STORAGE industryrenders other advantages and benefitsto both the farmers and the farmers get opportunity of producingcash crops to get remunerative consumers get the supply ofperishable commodities with lowerfluctuation of prices. Commerciallyapples, potatoes, oranges are stored onlarge scale in the cold storages. Otherimportant costly raw materials like dryfruits, chemicals, essences andprocessed foods like fruit juice/pulp,741concentrate dairy products, frozen meat,fish and eggs are being stored in coldstorages to regulate marketing channelsof these POTENTIALCold storages are essential forextending the shelf life, period ofmarketing, avoiding glut, reducingtransport bottlnecks during peak periodof production and maintenance of qualityof produce.

3 The development of coldstorage industry has therefore animportant role to play in reducing thewastages of the perishable commoditiesand thus providing remunerative pricesto the AND PRESUMPTIONS(i) The project is based on anaverage 90 percent capacityutilisation, three shifts workingper day and 300 working days perannum.(ii)The project is based on rentingof the chambers for the growers,traders and industry.(iii) The rate of interest has beentaken @ 18 percent on an average.(iv)Labour wages have been takenas per market rates.(v) 25 percent margin money hasbeen taken both for fixedinvestment and working capital.(vi)For economic viability an IceBlock Manufacturing Unit has alsobeen included in the SCHEDULEThe approximate time required forvarious activities is given , it may vary from place to placedepending upon the local circumstancesand on the enthusiasm of theentrepreneurs:Selection of Site1 monthPreparation of Project Report 1 monthRegistration as SSI/Other15 dayslegal formalitiesAvailability of Finance3 monthsMachinery procurement,2 monthserection and commissioningTrial Run1 monthTECHNICAL ASPECTSP rocess of ManufactureAt present there are two popularrefrigerants in the market.

4 One is Freonand the other is Ammonia. Ammoniaand Freon compressors are beingmanufactured indigenously. Ammoniarefrigerant is cheaper, easily availableand is of high latent heat of evaporationbut it has certain disadvantages likebeing highly toxic in nature. It also formsexplosive mixture when mixed with oilcontaining high percentage of of different temperature mustbe separated by insulation and shouldbe protected from moisture. Wheneverpossible, one coating of foam glass withvapour proof material should be usedagainst the outside fixing the insulation, the pointsto be kept in mind are:(a) The surface to be insulatedshould be completely moisture-proof and be reasonably even,free of lump or hole plaster onthe walls. The ceiling must becured before surface is insulated.(b) Precaution may be taken toensure that the moisture fromoutside can not penetratethrough the wall, ceiling or STORAGE42(c) The partition wall between twochambers should be insulatedboth and vegetables which are to bekept in cold STORAGE , are sorted out andthe bad ones removed.

5 The sortedmaterial is packed preferably in wooden/plastic carton boxes and then kept incold STORAGE chambers. The temperatureand humidity is to be maintaineddepending upon the commodity kept inthe store. The requirements forsuccessful STORAGE of important fruits andvegetables are shown in Table I and IName of FruitStorageCold StorageRemarksTemp Flife (in weeks)1. Apple32-357-26 Small fruits keep better than large ones2. Apricot30-322-4 3. Berry Fruits30-322-3 4. Bananas55-602-3 5. Cherries30-322-3 6. Guavas47-503-4 7. Grapes30-324-6 Fumigation with 1-2% sulphur dioxide before storagereduces decay and STORAGE life can be increased to8 12 Lemon50-559-13 Lemon for STORAGE should be picked at the greenishyellow Lime50-554-5 10. Mangoes45-504-6 11. Mandarin Oranges40-429-13 Mandarin oranges can be kept satisfactorily at lower(Nagpur) Coorgtemperature if to be stored for less than 4 weeks.(Assam)12. Oranges (Tight36-3913-17 Tight skinned oranges can also be kept at lowerskinned)temperature if to be stored for less than 8 (Punjab)36-3913-17 Sathgudi (Chennai)39-4213-17 Mussambi (Mumbai)42-4513-1713.

6 Pears30-322-4 14. Peaches30-322-4 15. Plums30-322-4If fruit is to be stored for jam making, the STORAGE lifecan be extended by another two Pineapple50-553-4 17. Quinces30-359-17 cold STORAGE43 Motive Power250 HPPollution ControlThere are no harmful effluents in theprocess. However, NOC may be takenfrom the concerned State PollutionControl ConservationProper insulation should be given toavoid loss of Control and StandardsThe Directorates of AgriculturalMarketing and Inspection in StateGovernments and Govt., of India areregulating cold STORAGE industry underCold STORAGE Order, 1980, promulgatedunder Essential Commodities Act, 1955all over India except in the States of UP,West Bengal, Punjab and Haryana andprovisionally in Bihar. StateGovernments are regulating the industryin their respective States under theirrespective Acts/Orders. The Ministry ofAgriculture has now repealed the ColdStorage Order and advised the StateGovernments also to repeal it the repeal of this Order, the coldstorage industry will now be able to enterthe market free from all kinds ofadministrative STORAGETABLE IIOptimum STORAGE conditions for vegetables 85-90% except Beet root, Cabbage, Raddish, Turnips andPeas where is 90-95%Name of VegetableStorageCold StorageRemarksTemp (OF) Life (in Weeks)1.

7 Beans32-352-3 Beans are liable to be sweet in STORAGE . Need moreventilation, should be in crates and not in Beet Root32-356-8 3. Brinjals47-503-4 Big brinjals keep better than small ones4. Carrots32-3513-17 5. Cauliflower34-354-6 Only firm and compact heads should be stored as looseheads shrivel Cabbage32-359-13 Only firm and compact heads should be Onions32-3517-26 8. Potatoes37-3826-35In cold STORAGE potatoes become sweet due toaccumulation of sugars. This could be avoided bykeeping potatoes at ordinary room temperature for1-2 weeks before they are Raddish32-356-8 10. Turnips32-3513-17 11. Tomatoes Ripe40-451-1 Tomatoes should not be stored in temperatureMature (Greenish55-603-4lower than 40O F because they show tendency toYellow)break down. Green but matured tomatoes can beripened satisfactorily with the development ofattractive red colour by storing at 60-70OF12. Peas32-352-3 Green peas loose part of their sugar content unlessthey are promptly cooled to 32O F.

8 They also needmore ASPECTSA. Fixed Capitali) Land and BuildingRate (In Rs.) Total (In Rs.)Land 5000 @ Rs. 280 per sq. mtr. 14,00,000(a) cold STORAGE Chamber (35 25 15)13125 Cu Mt. 29,53,000(b) Sorting Verandah (25 9 5)225 3,37,500(b1)Sorting Verandah on 1st and 2nd floor450 6,75,000(c) Ice Tank Room81 Mt. 2,43,000(d) Packing and insulation on Walls, Ceiling Floorsuch as Wood Racking and insulation withfibre glass wool bitumen Jalli40000 20,80,000(e) Machine Room 12m 10m 4m120 Sq. Mt. 3,00,000(f) Room 8m 4m 4m32 Sq. Mt. 80,000(g) Bore 30,000(h) Administration 10m 4m 3m40 Mt. 1,20,000(i)Stair 1,50,000(j) Condenser cooling pad and Sanitation, S. 1,50, lakhsTotal Land & lakhs(ii) Machinery and EquipmentSl. (In Rs.)i)Super freeze Refri-1 ModelSRA-4000ii) 100 HP screen1 inductionMotoriii)Suitable hand operated1 immersed starter/motor starteriv) Ammonia oil separator1 18" 48"v) Atmospheric Type12 condenservi) Valves and fittings1 lotfor the condenservii)Ammonia Air Cooling units16 )Ammonia Receiver size1 " 24" without standardAmmonia FittingsSl.

9 (In Rs.)ix) Valve and fittings for the1 lotabove Receiverx) Instrument comprising of6 and wet thermometersxi) Ammonia valves and fittings1 lotxii) 5 HP mono block2 pump set forcondensers watercirculationxiv)Insulated cold storage4 made of woodenLakhsframe with GI SheetsMetal Cladding. HingerLatches, Push Bar Size28" 36" 4" thickxv) Slide rail for compressor2 )Ammonia pipe to1 lotinterconnect high andlow side equipment ofrefrigeration machinexvii) Water pipe lines and fitting1 lotCOLD STORAGE45Sl. (In Rs.)1 Super freeze refrigeration1 75 HP screen protected1 motor3 Suitable hand operated1 immersed starter/motor starter4 Super freeze refri 1 50 HP screen protected1 induction motor6 Suitable hand operated1 immersed starter7 Ammonia oil separator12 No.(Size 16" 48")8 Atmospheric type15 condensers9 Valves and fitting for1 lotthe condenser10 Cooling oil trunk type1 tested by hydraulicpressure11 Ammonia receiver size1 " 24"12 Valves fitting for1 receiver13 Hand hoist and trolley1 fitted both sides14 Mono block agitator fitted1 suitable electric motor15 Condump with stand1 Ice can size 11 22 540 Nos.

10 48 from Sheet16 gauges17 Ammonia valves and fitting1 lot18 Ammonia gas charging pipe1 5 HP Mono block2 pump set forcondenser water circulation20 Material of freezing1 lotbring tank21 Ammonia pipe for inter-1 lotconnection22 Water pipe lines fittings1 lotSl. (In Rs.)23 slide rail for4 motor24 Water hose pipe1 lot25 Instrument Brine1 andhydrometerExcise duty and LakhsDG set of 125 KVA3 .70 LakhsTransformer and other3 .00 Lakhselectrical LakhsElectrification and Lakhscharges @ 10% of cost ofMachineryTotal Cost of Plant and Lakhs Office Furniture and Lakhsiii. Pre-operative Expenses Rs. LakhsTotal Fixed Cost (i+ii+iii)Rs. LakhsB. Working Capital (per month)i) PersonnelDesignationNumberSalary/Totalmo nth (In Rs.)(In Rs.)1. Manager16,0006,0002. Maintenance Supervisor 15,0005,0003. Storekeeper14,0004,0004. Accountant15,0005,0005. Skilled Workers42,0008,0006. Unskilled Workers151,60024,0007. Watchman21,6003,200 Total55,200 Perquisites @ 15 percent08,280 Total63,480or Say Lakhii) Raw MaterialTotal (In Rs.