Conditionals: If Clauses and Wish

1 74 Unit4 Conditionals: IfClauses and WishDiscover the GrammarJanice and Kurt are planning their upcoming vacation. Read this passage, and then answer thequestions that 2345678910111213 For each of the past eight years, Janice and Kurt have spent their vacationtime at home, either working in the garden or fixing up the house. This year,however, they are planning to spend their July vacation somewhere ve checked the Internet for weather information about areas of the country they might like to visit. They are really eager to travel somewhere soon. In fact, if they had free time right now, they would take their vacationimmediately, but they can t leave right now. They still have a couple of months to explore their options. So far, they have learned the following information. If they want to spendtheir time near the water, they will have a hard time choosing among dozens ofoutstanding beach resorts.

2 For example, if they go to the beach in Atlantic City,New Jersey, the air temperature will be in the mid-70s in July, and the watertemperature will be in the low 70s. That s very appealing to them. On theClear Grammar 4, 2nd edition: Keys to Advanced ESL Grammar Keith S. Folse, Deborah Mitchell, Barbara Smith-Palinkas, and Donna Tortorella Michigan ELT, 2013 Copyright (c) 2013. University of Michigan Press. All rights reserved. 4: Conditionals751. Circle the eight examples of if and the two examples of wishin the passage. 2. Write the line numbers of the four if Clauses that have simple past tense the subject- verb combinations from both the ifclause and the main first one has been done for you as an 161718192021222324252627other hand, if they chose to visit Miami Beach in July, both the air and thewater temperatures would be considerably warmer, around 85 degrees. Thatsounds wonderful to them, too. Janice and Kurt also like to go camping, sovacationing in the mountains is another option.

3 They could choose to visit the Rocky Mountains in Colorado if they wanted cooler weather. In July, the temperature in the mountains can range from a high of 80 degrees to a low of 40 degrees. If they go to the Rockies, they will certainly have to plan for this type of weather variation. It is without a doubt a tough decision that Janice and Kurt are facing. Theywish they were able to go to all of the places they have researched. If they hadmore money and more time, they would be able to do exactly that. In fact, theywould have gone to both the beach and the mountains this year if they hadn trecently spent so much of their savings on a new big-screen TV. They wish theyhad realized this earlier!LinesifClausesMain Clause6If they had .. they would take .. four of these sentences are talking about the present time. What do younotice about the verbs in the ifclause and in the main clause? Do you see anypresent tense verbs?

4 _____Clear Grammar 4, 2nd edition: Keys to Advanced ESL Grammar Keith S. Folse, Deborah Mitchell, Barbara Smith-Palinkas, and Donna Tortorella Michigan ELT, 2013 Copyright (c) 2013. University of Michigan Press. All rights reserved. Clear Grammar 4, Write the line numbers of the three if Clauses that have simple present tenseverbs. Write the subject- verb combinations from both the if clause and the mainclause. LineifClausesMain Clause5. All three of these sentences are talking about the future time. What do you noticeabout the verbs in the if clause and in the main clause? Do you see any futuretense? the one if clause with past perfect tense. What time is this sentence talkingabout? _____What is the verb in the main clause? the two examples of wish . Are the verbs after wishtalking about present orpast time? What tense are they?LineVerb afterwishTenseTime8. What questions do you have about this grammar?

5 _____Clear Grammar 4, 2nd edition: Keys to Advanced ESL Grammar Keith S. Folse, Deborah Mitchell, Barbara Smith-Palinkas, and Donna Tortorella Michigan ELT, 2013 Copyright (c) 2013. University of Michigan Press. All rights reserved. 4: Conditionals77 Grammar LessonReal Conditionals in the Present or FutureA conditional sentence expresses the idea that the action in the main clause (the resultclause) can only happen when a certain condition (the clause that begins withif) is fulfilled. The ifclause states the condition, and the main clause states the Condition IfClauseResult or Main ClauseMeaningIfthe weather changessuddenly, simple present tenseI geta headache. simple present tensefactualIfit snowsa lot tonight, simple present tensethey will call offschool tensecertainty/predictionfor thefutureIfyou havetime, simple present tenseyou should visitthe local + verb advice/suggestion/warning forthe futureIfit rains, simple present tensedon t openthe thefutureRule 1.

6 Real conditions express situations that can happen in the present or future. They are often used when stating facts, general knowledge, habits, predictions,advice, or 2. Real conditions in the present (factual)use the simple present tense form ofthe verb in both the ifclause and the 3. Real conditions in thefuture (real possibility)use the simple present tense formof the verb in the ifclause + modal or modal phrase(should/can/could/may/might, will,be going to, have to) and the base form of the verb or the imperative in the result clause. Rule formsof the verb can be used in the condition or result clause Grammar 4, 2nd edition: Keys to Advanced ESL Grammar Keith S. Folse, Deborah Mitchell, Barbara Smith-Palinkas, and Donna Tortorella Michigan ELT, 2013 Copyright (c) 2013. University of Michigan Press. All rights reserved. Clear Grammar 4, CAREFUL!Common Learner ErrorsExplanation1. If it will rainrainstonight, I will callyou for a ride not use willor be going toin the ifclause.

7 2. Tornadoes can cause severe damage toa building, ifa building ifthey touchdown. Do not use a comma after the resultclause. Use a comma after the 1. Real Conditions in the Present or FutureCircle the real conditions from the list of items from a gardening pamphlet. Five Sage Suggestions for Gardeners1. If you choose the wrong plants for your garden,the plants will not The plants may not need fertilizer if the soil plants are covered with mulch, diseases cannotinfect them so If weeds are not picked, the plants have tocompete for water and nutrients. 5. If you put a small fence around your garden, it may help keep unwanted Grammar 4, 2nd edition: Keys to Advanced ESL Grammar Keith S. Folse, Deborah Mitchell, Barbara Smith-Palinkas, and Donna Tortorella Michigan ELT, 2013 Copyright (c) 2013. University of Michigan Press. All rights reserved. EXERCISE 2. Real Conditions in the Present or FutureCircle the correct verb in the ifclause or result clause to make a real conditional in the present at the ParkEvery weekend, if the weather is nice, I (will spend/spend) time outsidewith my children.

8 One of their favorite things to do is to go to a nearby park. Ifwe ride our bikes to the park, it ((takes/will take) about 10 minutes. If there )(is/will be) a lot of traffic, it takes a little longer. Once we get to the park, thekids choose their favorite playground equipment to play on. Jeffrey likes theclimbing walls, but if he *(climbs/will climb) too high, I start to get nervous. I always have to remind him, If you re not careful, you +(fall/will fall) andhurt yourself. His reaction is usually to roll his eyes at me. My daughter Cherylloves to play on the seesaw. On the way to the park, she almost always asks me, Mom, if there ,(is/will be) no one for me to play with, -(do/will) you goon the seesaw with me? If she .(finds/will find) someone to play with at thepark, she /(will spend/should spend) the entire time on the seesaw. SometimesI talk to the other parents who are there. After an hour or so, the kids and I rideour bikes back home.

9 On the way, I tell them, If the weather is nice nextweekend, we Lk(come/will come) back. 4: Conditionals79 Clear Grammar 4, 2nd edition: Keys to Advanced ESL Grammar Keith S. Folse, Deborah Mitchell, Barbara Smith-Palinkas, and Donna Tortorella Michigan ELT, 2013 Copyright (c) 2013. University of Michigan Press. All rights reserved. Clear Grammar 4, LessonUnreal Conditions in the Present or FutureRule 1. Unreal conditions in the present or future express situations that are untrue, notpossible, or imaginary in the present and that probably will not happen in the it is possible that the situation could change and become true in the future, itprobably will 2. Unreal conditions in the present or future use the simple past form in the ifclause and would, couldor mightplus the base form of the verb in the clause, or both, can be made negative. BE CAREFUL!Common Learner I knowknewthe answer right now, Iwould tell you.

10 Use the past tense for unreal conditionsin the If I waswereyou, I would memorizethis rule about unreal were instead of wasfor the verb befor all persons, singular and plural, inunreal conditions in the present orfuture. Wasis used only in very (imaginary)Condition or IfClauseImaginary Result orMain ClauseMeaningIf he hadtime, simple pasthe could takea long vacation. would/could/might + VERBHe doesn t havetime. (present)If I wereyou, simple pastI would planthe picnic for + VERBI m not you.(present)If a hurricane hitthe town, simple pastit would + VERBA hurricane willprobably not hitthe town. (future)If she joineda travel club, simple pastshe mightnot feelso lonely. would/could/might + VERBShe has notjoined a travelclub yet. (future)Clear Grammar 4, 2nd edition: Keys to Advanced ESL Grammar Keith S. Folse, Deborah Mitchell, Barbara Smith-Palinkas, and Donna Tortorella Michigan ELT, 2013 Copyright (c) 2013.