Container-type Energy Storage System with Grid ...

1 Hitachi Review Vol. 63 (2014), No. 7 432. Featured Articles Container-type Energy Storage System with grid stabilization capability Atsushi Honzawa OVERVIEW: The installation of large amounts of renewable Energy Taichi Nomura capacity, including photovoltaic and wind power generation, is anticipated. Yuki Myogadani The concern with this is that connecting the fluctuating output of all this renewable Energy to the grid will overwhelm its regulation capabilities, Moera Ohno resulting in grid instability. In response, Hitachi has developed a grid Akihiko Emori, Dr.

2 Eng. stabilization System that uses a Container-type Energy Storage System to Kenji Takeda maintain the stability of electric power use and also balance supply and demand. Hitachi aims to expand the adoption of clean Energy sources by working to promote wider use of Energy Storage systems as one of its solutions businesses for the global market. stabilization System that uses a Container-type Energy INTRODUCTION Storage System . THE installation of large amounts of renewable Energy This article describes the background behind capacity, including photovoltaic and wind power the development of this Container-type Energy generation, is seen as a means of meeting growing Storage System , which incorporates grid stabilization demand for electrical Energy and of reducing carbon capabilities, along with its System configuration and dioxide (CO2) emissions.

3 Various countries have been features. introducing national policies such as feed-in tariffs (FITs), subsidies, and preferential tax treatments to HITACHI'S Energy Storage BUSINESS. encourage the wider adoption of renewable Energy . However, because of its fluctuating output, there are Along with manufacturing materials for Energy Storage concerns that connecting large amounts of renewable devices and batteries for consumer, industrial, and Energy capacity to the grid will overwhelm its automotive applications, Hitachi's current activities regulation capabilities, resulting in grid instability.

4 To also extend from research and development to System overcome this problem, Hitachi has developed a grid integration (see Fig. 1). Long-life electrode Dispersion coating and materials electrode manufacturing Battery-based products Fig. 1 Hitachi's Battery Hitachi materials Battery production that use control System line technology Business. Along with manufacturing Advanced materials materials for Energy Storage Manufacturing Application skills technology devices and batteries for a wide Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd.

5 Shin-Kobe Electric Machinery Co., Ltd., Hitachi, Ltd. and and Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Hitachi Maxell, Ltd., and Hitachi Construction range of applications, Hitachi's Hitachi Vehicle Energy , Ltd. Machinery Co., Ltd. activities also extend from research and development to System integration. - 65 - 433 Container-type Energy Storage System with grid stabilization capability Made by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. 1,000. 100. Energy Capacity (W/kg). NaS battery Lithium-ion battery Lead-acid battery 10 Ni-MH battery Fig. 2 Comparison of Power Lithium-ion capacitor System and Industrial Battery 1 Electric double-layer capacitor Characteristics.

6 Hitachi can configure economical systems for specific applications by selecting the best Energy Storage devices for 10 100 1K 10K 100K. Instantaneous Power (W/kg) the task. These include lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, NaS: sodium sulfide Ni-MH: nickel metal hydride and lithium-ion capacitors. Hitachi deals with a wide range of different power, results in a greater number of short-term power systems, and can configure economical systems for fluctuations ranging from a few seconds to ten or more specific applications by selecting the best Energy minutes.

7 Storage devices for the task. These include devices There are also off-peak times when an oversupply capable of storing comparatively large amounts of of generation capacity means that the amount of power Energy , such as lead-acid batteries, and devices that generated needs to be reduced. Power fluctuations can can deliver a high level of output over a short period, influence the frequency of the grid , resulting in grid such as lithium-ion batteries (see Fig. 2). instability. Energy Storage systems can provide an This article describes a System for electric power effective way of mitigating fluctuations, both in the grids that uses lithium-ion batteries.

8 Comparatively short-term governor-free (GF) range and the load frequency control (LFC) range. Currently, control of these operating ranges is performed using DEVELOPMENT BACKGROUND the GF functions of adjustable-speed pumped Storage The frequency of an electric power grid is kept stable hydro power plants and thermal power plants with by balancing supply and demand. As shown in Fig. 3, high-speed control capabilities, or by the LFC function the connection of large amounts of renewable Energy of load dispatch offices.

9 However, because of the time with variable output, such as photovoltaic or wind needed to construct additional pumped Storage hydro or thermal power plants, and because of the difficulties involved with obtaining a construction site or upgrading transmission line capacity, it is possible that upgrades Output (actual generation/rated capacity). (%) to power System regulation will fail to keep up with 100. 90 Sunny the rapid future growth in the installation of renewable 80 Energy capacity. In comparison, an advantage of Energy 70 Cloudy 60 Storage systems is that they can be installed and brought 50 Rainy on line quickly.

10 with few site restrictions, they can also 40. 30 be installed at widely distributed locations. 20. 10. Although the market for grid stabilization is 0 fragmented by the different infrastructures and 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19. (Time of day) structural frameworks in different countries, moves Photovoltaic power generation (example). to install Energy Storage systems for grid stabilization have begun on a commercial scale (see Table 1). Fig. 3 Example of Weather-related Variation in Output of Photovoltaic Power Generation.