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CV) - Defense Technical Information Center

CV)NCo~umICiIIj iMETAL building SYSTEMSI BYKEVIN E. MIKULAAIIA REPORT PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE COMMITTEEOF THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING INPARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTSgFOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENGINEERINGUNIVERSITY OF FLORIDAISUMMER 1988, ISITABLE OF CONTENTSg Chapter One -General Information .. Introduction .. The Evolution and Growth of the metal building Industry The metal building Systems Industry .. The System s Concept .. 9 Chapter Two -Components of the metal building System .. Introduction .. Tapered Rigid Frames .. Cold-Formed Steel .. Standing Seam Roof System.

Between 1975 and 1979 the Metal Building Manufacturers Association (MBMA), with the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and the Canadian Steel Industries Construction Council, sponsored a series

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Transcription of CV) - Defense Technical Information Center

1 CV)NCo~umICiIIj iMETAL building SYSTEMSI BYKEVIN E. MIKULAAIIA REPORT PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE COMMITTEEOF THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING INPARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTSgFOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENGINEERINGUNIVERSITY OF FLORIDAISUMMER 1988, ISITABLE OF CONTENTSg Chapter One -General Information .. Introduction .. The Evolution and Growth of the metal building Industry The metal building Systems Industry .. The System s Concept .. 9 Chapter Two -Components of the metal building System .. Introduction .. Tapered Rigid Frames .. Cold-Formed Steel .. Standing Seam Roof System.

2 18 Chapter Three -Design Considerations .. Low Rise building Systems Manual .. 203 .2 L oad s .. 2 Definitions .. 2 W ind Loads .. Roof Snow Loads .. Seism ic Loads .. Crane Loads .. Load Combinations .. Energy Considerations .. Foundation Design .. Design Information Provided by the Manufacturer .. 31 Chapter Four -Economics .. Introduction .. Design and Construction Costs .. Project Tim e .. 35 Chapter Five -Specifications and Contracts .. Introduction .. Standard Guide Specifications .. Two-Step Procurement .. 38i I1 Fort Drum Project .. Fort Benjamin Harrison Project.

3 Fort Stewart Project .. 41 Chapter Six -Other Topics .. metal building Components Industry .. Design Professional Resistance .. Government Engineer's Opinions .. 45 Chapter Seven -Summary and Conclusions .. 477 .1 Su m m ary .. 477 .2 Conclusions .. 50B ib liography .. 52 Appendix A -Typical Dealer Sales Agreement .. 55 Appendix B -Glossary of Term s .. 59 Appendix C -Typical Primary Framing Systems .. 68 Appendix D -Typical Wall and Roof Panels .. 78 Appendix E -Policy on Drawings and Calculations .. 82 Appendix F -Letters from Government Engineers .. 83II Accession ForFNTIS GRA&IPTIC TAR fI LS Distribution/Availability Codes" iAvall and/or!

4 I1st SpecialII LIST OF FIGURESI Figure -1986 metal building Systems End Uses .. 6 Figure -Growth of metal building Systems .. 7 Figure -Load Path for Buildings .. 10 Figure -Components of the metal building System .. 12 Figure -Tapered Rigid Frame Loading Example .. 13 Figure -Movement of Channels and Z-Purlins Under Load .. 17 Figure -Change in Wind Pressure with Time .. 24 ISII!I iiI,CHAPTER ONEGENERAL Introcion-During the last two decades, metal building systems have becomean important part of the building construction industry. Today, almost50% of the low-rise non-residential buildings under 150,000 square feetconstructed in the United States, are metal building systems.

5 ' Low-risenon-residential buildings include, one to two story, manufacturing,commercial, community and agriculture buildings. Historically, metalbuildings were typically found only in industrial parks and agriculturalareas, but with recent advances in materials, architectural treatments anddesign methods, they are now evident almost everywhere in thecommunity..-Z -T ?--T-Although metal building systems have become a moving force inits market, significant resistance to their utilization still exists in manyareas. Many communities have restrictive covenants and zoningregulations which limit their use, and many public officials still considerthem cheap, unsafe and temporary in nature.

6 This attitude towards thesebuildings also exists in the conventional building construction designprofessional community, many of whom do not even consider theprofessional engineers who design metal building systems to be metal building manufacturers association , MBMA FactBok Cleveland, 1997, p , some of these attitudes are starting to change. The MetalBuilding manufacturers association (MBMA) has performed extensiveresearch in many areas, such as wind loading and insulationeffectiveness, which has not only resulted in some changes to currentstandards, but has also given the industry a measure of respectabilitywith some design professionals.

7 In addition, their cost competitivenesshas also made them very attractive to many architects, who nowroutinely consider them in their design process. Additionally, a largemetal building components industry has recently developed, which hascreated a hybrid structure that is about half metal building system andhalf conventional construction. As a consequence, the line between apure metal building system and conventional construction has becomevery report will examine the metal building systems industry,investigate the reasons for its growth, identify some potential problemareas and attempt to forecast its future.

8 It will also investigate some ofthe myths regarding metal buildings and some of the reasons why a pooropinion of them still The Evolution and Growth of the metal Buildin" IndustryIn one form or another metal buildings have been around since themid 1800's, when, in order to satisfy the lack of housing during the GoldRush, pre-fabricated metal houses were manufactured in New Englandand shipped to This initial use of the metal buildings did not2 metal building Dealers association , and metal building ManufacturersAssociation, metal building Systems. Dayton, 19S0, p experience long term success however, because with the excessiveshipping costs which were incurred at the time in transiting around CapeHorn, they could not compete with the local lumber industry, once it first significant manufacturer of standardized metal buildingswas established in 1917, in Cleveland, This firm, which still existstoday as the Austin Company, produced ten standard designs.

9 An ownerdesiring to purchase one of these buildings could select one of the designsfrom a catalog and it was shipped to him unassembled. He then had toeither assemble it himself or hire a contractor to do it. The company alsoestablished district sales offices around the United States to market the 1920's and 1930's, the industry continued to slowlyexpand. However, it was during World War II that the metal buildingsfirst became widely used. The most famous of these buildings was theQuonset Hut, which became the standard building used by the militaryI during the war. These buildings, which were made of galvanized cold-formed corrugated sheet steel attached to a semi-circular steel frame,could be easily assembled and disassembled by unskilled labor.

10 Theywere found to be extremely adaptable and were used for everyI imaginable application in every theater of the !| 3 metal building Dealers association , o p World War II, the manufacturers of metal buildingsbegan marketing their products through dealer/contractors, who werespecially trained to both market and erect the buildings. This becameparticularly important as the structures became larger and moresophisticated, thereby requiring equipment and expertise not readilyavailable to the average user. By 1947, sales of these buildings reachedover $25 the industry grew and became more sophisticated, the namepre-fabricated metal building was changed to pre-engineered metalbuilding to highlight its increased complexity.


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