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1 WRDC-TR-89-2062. HISTORY OF THE GAS TURBINE ENGINE IN THE. __ UNITED STATES: BIBLIOGRAPHY. James J. d tic . Universal Energy Systems, Inc. F L C "A'. 4401 Dayton-Xenia Rd. AUG. - Dayton, OH 45432 1 18o May 1989. Final Report for the Period July 1987 to August 1988. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited AIR FORCE AERO PROPULSION AND POWER LABORATORY. WRIGHT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER. AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND. WRIGHT-PATfERSON AIR FORCE BASE, OH 45433-6563. 89 &' .. NOTICE. When Government drawings, specifications, or other data are used for any purpose other than in connection with a definitely related Government procurement operation, the United States Governument thereby incurs no responsibility nor any obligation whatsoever; and the fact that the government may have formulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the said drawings, specifications, or other data, is not to be re- garded by implication or otherwise as in any manner licensing the holder or any other person or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission to manufacture use, or sell any patented invention that may in any way be related thereto.

2 This report has been reviewed by the Office of Public Affairs (ASD/PA) and is releasable to the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). At NTIS, it will be available to the general public, including foreign nations. This technical report has been reviewed and is approved for publication. MARVIN A. STIBICH FRANCIS R. OSTDIEK. Project Engineer Chief, Technology Branch Compressor Research Group Turbine Engine Division Technology Branch Aero Propulsion & Power Laboratory Turbine Engine Division Aero Propulsion & Power Laboratory FOR THE COMMANDER. ROBERT E. HENDERSON. Deputy for Technology Turbine Engine Division Aero Propulsion & Power Laboratory If your address has changed, if you wish to be removed from our mailing list, or if the addressee is no longer employed by your organization please notify WRDC/POTX , W-PAFB, OH 45433 to help us maintain a current mailing list. Copies of this report should not be returned unless return is required by security considerations, contractual obligations, or notice on a specific document.

3 UNCLASSIFIED. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE. FOrm Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OM No. 0704-0188. la. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION lb. RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS. Unclassi fied none 2a. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF REPORT. NIA ,Approved for public release; distribution 2b. DECLASSIFICATION /DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE Is unlimited N/A ,, 4. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) S. MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S). WRDC-TR-89-2062. 6a. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION. Universal Energy Systems, Inc. (/gPlkablo) Aero Propulsion and Power Laboratory (WRDCTX. I _Wright Research and Development Center 6c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 7b. ADDRESS(City, State, and ZIP Code). 4401 Dayton-Xenia Rd. Wright-Patterson AFB OH 45433-6563. Dayton OH 45432. 8a. NAME OF FUNDING/SPONSORING 8b. OFFICE SYMBOL 9. PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER. ORGANIZATION (If applicable).)

4 IWRDC/POTX F33615-85-C-2575, Task 13. 8c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERS. WRDC/POTX PROGRAM PROJECT TASK 'WORK UNIT. Wright-Patterson AFB OH 45433-6563 ELEMENT NO. NO. NO !ACCESSION NO. 62203F I3066 I12 98. Classification). 11. TITLE (Include Security History of the Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine in the United States: Bibliography. 12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S). , James J. 13a. TYPE OF REPORT 13b. TIME COVERED 14. DATE OF REPORT (Year, Month, Day) 15S. PAGE COUNT. Final FROM Jul 87 TO . 1 88 May 11 165. 16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION. 17. COSATI CODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number). FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP Aircraft Gas Turbine 21 n5 Gas Turbine Bibliography Propulsion 19. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number). A Bibliography of aircraft gas turbine engine sources has been assembled for use in research of the book History of the Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine in the United States.

5 The bibliography consists of sources found In research conducted at Air Force, Navy, Army, NASA, Industry, museum, and technical society facilities. The sources identified are bibliographies, books, reports, theses, articles, and technical papers written for presentation. This bibliography also Includes research criteria, search methodology, task schedules, and an outline for the content of the book, History of the Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine in the United States. 20. DISTRIBUTION/ AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21. ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION. Xg UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED 0 SAME AS RPT. 0 DTIC USERS UNCLASSIF IED. 22a NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b TELEPHONE (Include Area Code) 22c OFFICF SYMBOL. Marvin 4. Stibich (513) 255-8210 ,RDC/PT. DDForm 1473. JUN 86 Previous editionsare obsolete. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE. UNCLASS I FIED. CONTENTS. Paragraph 1. INTRODUCTION .. I. 2. HISTORICAL SOURCES SURVEY OF THE. AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINE ENGINE.

6 2. Rearch Methodology .. 2. Air Force .. 3. Navy .. 3. Army .. 4. NASA/Government Agencies .. 4. Industry .. 4. M useums .. 5. Technical Societies .. 5. Bibliographic Search Criteria .. 5. Oral History Source Criteria .. 7. Conclusions .. 7. 3. AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINE ENGINE HISTORICAL. BIBLIOGRAPHY .. 10. Bibliographies .. 10. Books .. 10. Reports .. 14. Theses .. 40. Articles .. 43. Papers .. 137. 4. OUTLINE FOR HISTORY OF THE AIRCRAFT. GAS TURBINE ENGINE IN THE UNITED. STATES .. 159. Thesis .. 159. Proposed Chapters .. 160. Chapter One .. 160. Chapter Two .. 160. Chapter Chapter Four.. 160. Chapter Five .. 160. Chapter Six .. 161. Chapter 161. Chapter Eight .. 161. Chapter Nine.. 161. Chapter Ten.. 161. Chapter Eleven .. 162. Chapter Twelve .. 162. Chapter Thirteen .. 162. Chapter Fourteen .. 162. List of Boundary Condition Factors to be Explored .. 162. ii . Paragraph Some Important People in the History of the AGTE .. 163. Technical Approach.

7 163. Step One .. 163. Step Two .. 164. Step Three .. 164. Step Four .. 164. Proposed Task Schedule .. 164. Task I .. 164. Task II .. 164. Task III .. 165. Task IV .. 165. Task V .. 165. K. NTIS. Accelu -r,-- CRA&I. _ __ I. DTIC A anr- ,,,,ctd Li_. By .. By. Distr ibution I. Ava ilabi dty,cI. C. t - I'. A id t or Dil i, iv 1. INTRODUCTION. The Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine (AGTE) has developed into one of the key technological achievements of the twentieth century. Its development has revolutionalized travel. Along with television, the computer, and the unlocking of the secrets of the atom, the turbojet has lent its name to an age -- the "jet age." But what do we know of its development? Ask any American sixth-grade child who invented the lightbulb and they will tell you it was Thomas Edison. But ask them who invented the first two jet engines to fly, and they would not know. British schoolchildren can probably tell you who the first inventor of the aircraft jet engine was -- Sir Frank Whittle, but then again, the British have always been more attentive to their own history than we Americans have been to ours.

8 Millions of people have flown in turbojet, turboshaft, and turboprop-driven aircraft, but few of those people would recognize the names of Dr. Hans von Ohain, Sir Frank Whittle, Dr. Anselm Franz, William "Bill" Brown, Gerhard Neumann, or other turbojet pioneers who have worked to make the AGTE the technological marvel that it is today. Although there have been excellent books published on reciprocating aircraft engines developed in the United States, and despite the publication of the Origins of the Turbojet Revolution, by Edward Constant III, very little has been written to relate and analyze the development of the aircraft gas turbine engine in this country. The AGTE has undergone tremendous growth and development, both in the United Stated and overseas. There have been remarkable advances in the technology and application of the turbojet engines pioneered by von Ohain and Whittle. This growth in the technology has been accompanied by a corresponding dramatic increase in cost and complexity.

9 The turbojet community described by Constant has grown from a handful of people working in Germany and Britain to large multi-billion dollar establishments in over twenty countries. Where is the history of these accomplishments? Lest the reader gain the impression that there has been no history written at all on the AGTE, let me assure you that there has. There has been much written on the origins and pioneering work on the early AGTEs. There has been some good history and bad history produced by individual companies on their AGTE development. An exhaustive amount of primary historical material consisting of Government contract documentation has been generated. An equally overwhelming amount of secondary source material consisting of periodical articles have been published. The aviation industry is one of the most closely watched industries today, with dozens of publications devoted to watching the activities of both the Government and industry.

10 A great deal of continuing research will be devoted to sorting out the historical "wheat" from the mass of published and unpublished "chaff" of material. This bibliography on AGTE development in the United Stated is a first step in that direction. The mass of published and unpublished material is vital to our understanding of the technology of the AGTE and its impact on our society. But we must not neglect the human side of the equation. The real story of the aircraft gas turbine engine is that of the people who at first nursed the technology along, searching for just the right combination of materials and design that would enable them to unlock the secret to turbojet flight. That story continues through wars and hardship to development and utilization of the turbojet as a weapon of war, then through cold war, detente, confrontation, and glasnost. These people constantly pushed turbojet technology to its limits, exploring new uses for the turbojet on land and sea, and scaling the technology both larger and smaller to push the limits of aerodynamics and thermodynamics farther and farther.