Deliberate Planning Chapter 4 - Air University

1 4-1 JFSC PUB 1 Deliberate Planning Chapter 4 Introduction 4-3 The Process of Joint Operation Planning 4-4 Deliberate Planning 4-11 Summary of the Planning Cycle 4-12 Basis for Military Planning 4-16 Phases of Deliberate Planning 4-26 Initiation Phase 4-28 Concept Development Phase Introduction 4-34 Step 1 Mission Analysis 4-35 Step 2 Planning guidance 4-37 Step 3 Staff Estimates 4-43 Step 4 Commander s Estimate 4-46 Step 5 CINC s Strategic Concept 4-49 Step 6 CJCS Concept Review 4-51 Summary of Concept Development 4-53 4-2 JFSC PUB 1 Plan Development Phase Introduction

2 4-53 Step 1 Force Planning 4-56 Step 2 Support Planning 4-65 Step 3 NBC Defense and Nuclear Planning 4-70 Step 4 Transportation Planning 4-72 Retrograde, NEO, and MEDEVAC Planning 4-76 Step 5 Shortfall Identification 4-77 Step 6 Transportation Feasibility Analysis 4-79 Step 7 TPFDD Refinement 4-79 Step 8 Plan Documentation 4-83 Plan Review Phase 4-85 Supporting Plans Phase 4-89 JOPES ADP Support for Planning Introduction 4-91

3 JOPES Files 4-92 JOPES/GCCS ADP for Force Planning 4-93 JOPES ADP for Support Planning 4-97 JOPES ADP for Transportation Planning 4-103 JOPES ADP Support Summary 4-105 TPFDD Maintenance 4-105 4-3 JFSC PUB 1 Deliberate Planning References: Joint Pub 0-2, Unified Action Armed Forces (UNAAF) Joint Pub 5-0, Doctrine for Planning Joint Operations CJCSM , Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES) Volume I, Planning Policies and Procedures CJCSM , Crisis Action Time-Phased Force and Deployment Data Development and Deployment Execution CJCSM , Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES) Volume II (w/Change 1), Planning Formats and guidance CJCSM , Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES) Volume II, Supplemental Planning Formats and guidance (classified) 400.

4 INTRODUCTION a. Joint Pub 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms), defines the joint operation Planning process as follows: A coordinated joint staff procedure used by a commander to determine the best method of accomplishing assigned tasks and to direct the action necessary to accomplish the mission. The particular procedures used in joint Planning depend on the time available to accom-plish them. When time is not a critical factor, planners use a process called peacetime or Deliberate Planning . When the time available for Planning is short and the near-term re-sult is expected to be an actual deployment and/or employment of military forces, the planner uses crisis action Planning (CAP) procedures.

5 The overall procedures are the same for both Deliberate and crisis action Planning : receive and analyze the task to be accomplished review the enemy situation and begin to collect necessary intelligence develop and compare courses of action select a course of action (COA) develop and get approval for the selected COA prepare a plan then document the plan 4-4 JFSC PUB 1 b. The next section of this Chapter introduces the entire process of joint operation Planning to give an overview of the Planning problem. The remaining sections describe Deliberate Planning procedures.

6 Deliberate Planning is discussed from the receipt of the assigned task to the development of a detailed transportation schedule of personnel, mate-riel, and resupply into the theater of military operations. The Chapter also describes the procedures for maintaining the accuracy of plan data. The phases and steps of the plan-ning process are presented as sequential and orderly, though in actual practice procedures may vary considerably. Some of the steps may overlap, some may be undertaken simul-taneously, and some are iterative. 401. THE PROCESS OF JOINT OPERATION Planning a. Five manuals guide combatant command Planning .

7 CJCSM guides the development of the Theater Engagement Plan (TEP) while the four other manuals comprise the JCS-published Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES) that guides the overall process of joint operation Planning . These manuals are depicted in Figure 4-1. Figure 4-1 JOPESVOLUME ICJCSM JULY 2000 Planning POLICIESAND PROCEDURESJOPES VOLUME IISECRET SupplementCJCSM May 2000 FORMATS ANDGUIDANCEJOPESVOLUME IICJCSM December 1999 FORMATSAND GUIDANCECJCSM JULY 2000 CRISIS ACTIONTPFDDDEVELOPMENT &DEPLOYMENTEXECUTIONJOPESCJCSM May 2000 THEATERENGAGEMENTPLANNINGThe Five Manuals of JOPES Plus TEP4-5 JFSC PUB 1 b.

8 The staff of a combatant command must consider many factors in its Planning in order to select the best means of performing a military mission. Understandably, this means that the Planning process will be complex; out of necessity the process must be orderly and thorough. The joint operation Planning process must be flexible, as well. In peacetime, the Deliberate Planning process requires 18 to 24 months to completely pre-pare and fully coordinat/review a plan; on the other hand, a crisis may demand a product in just a few hours or days. c. The amount of time available significantly influences the Planning process.

9 Al-though two different Planning methods are described in the manuals, there is a high de-gree of similarity between them. Both methods are depicted graphically in Figure 4-2. Figure 4-2 (1) PEACETIME or Deliberate Planning is the process used when time permits the total participation of the Joint Planning and Execution Community (JPEC) (Figure 4-3). Development of the plan, coordination among supporting commanders, agencies, and Services, reviews by the Joint Staff, and conferences of JPEC members can take many months, possibly the entire two-year Planning cycle. To develop a large plan, JOPES Automated Data Processing (ADP) improvements are expected to reduce the time required.

10 Joint Operation Planning and Execution SystemInitiationPlanDevelopmentPlanRevie wSupportingPlansDeliberate PlanningJSCPC onceptDevelopmentOPORDE xecutionCrisisAssessmentExecutionPlannin gCourse ofActionDevelopmentCourse ofActionSelectionSituationDevelopmentCri sisCrisis Action PlanningCampaign Plan OPORDsOPLANCONPLANsw/ & w/o TPFDDF unctional PlanTEPCINC sStrategicConceptNo PlanJOPES4-6 JFSC PUB 1 Figure 4-3 (2) TIME-SENSITIVE or CRISIS ACTION Planning (CAP) is conducted in response to a crisis where interests are threatened and a military response is being considered by the National Command Authorities (NCA).