DESIGN OF LINEARLY POLARIZED RECTANGULAR …

1 DESIGN OF LINEARLY POLARIZED RECTANGULAR microstrip patch antenna USING IE3D/PSO A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering By C. VISHNU VARDHANA REDDY RAHUL RANA Under the supervision of Prof. S. K. Behera Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela 2009 National Institute of Technology Rourkela CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled, DESIGN OF LINEARLY POLARIZED RECTANGULAR microstrip patch antenna USING IE3D/PSO submitted by Mr.

2 RAHUL RANA and Mr. C VISHNU VARDHANA REDDY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Technology Degree in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION at the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela (Deemed University) is an authentic work carried out by him under my supervision and the best of my/our knowledge, the matter embodied in the thesis has not been submitted to any other University/ Institute for the award of any degree or diploma. Date: ( Prof. S. K. BEHERA) Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engg. National Institute of Technology Rourkela - 769008 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We express my sincere gratitude and indebtedness to the thesis guide Prof.

3 S. K. Behera, Yogesh Kumar Choukiker Chandrasekhar, for their initiative in this field of research, for his valuable guidance, encouragement and affection for the successful completion of this work. Their sincere sympathies and kind attitude always encouraged us to carry out the present work firmly. We express our thankfulness to Prof. S. K. Patra, Head of the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NIT, Rourkela, for providing us with best facilities in the Department and his timely suggestions. We would like to thank Zeland Softwares for providing the simulation package.

4 Last but not least we would like to thank all my friends and well wishers who were involved directly or indirectly in successful completion of the present work. C Vishnu Vardhana Reddy Rahul Rana ABSTRACT In this project, a novel particle swarm optimization method based on IE3D is used to DESIGN an Inset Feed LINEARLY POLARIZED RECTANGULAR microstrip patch antenna . The aim of the thesis is to DESIGN and fabricate an inset fed RECTANGULAR microstrip antenna and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L) , Width (W) and substrate parameters relative Dielectric constant ( r) , substrate thickness on Radiation parameters of Band width.

5 Low dielectric constant substrates are generally preferred for maximum radiation. The conducting patch can take any shape but RECTANGULAR and circular configurations are the most commonly used configuration. Other configurations are complex to analyze and require heavy numerical computations. The length of the antenna is nearly half wavelength in the dielectric; it is a very critical parameter, which governs the resonant frequency of the antenna . In view of DESIGN , selection of the patch width and length are the major parameters along with the feed line depth. Desired patch antenna DESIGN is initially simulated by using IE3D simulator.

6 And patch antenna is realized as per DESIGN requirements. CONTENTS Nomenclature Page No List of Figures List of Tables Chapter 1 Introduction Aim and Objectives Overview of microstrip Antennas Waves On microstrip Surface Waves Leaky Waves Guided Waves antenna Characteristics Organization of the Thesis i ii 01 02 02 03 04 05 05 06 06 Chapter 2 microstrip patch antenna Introduction Advantages and Disadvantages Feed Techniques microstrip Line Feed

7 Coaxial Feed Aperture Coupled Feed Proximity Coupled Feed Methods of Analysis Transmission Line Model Model 07 08 10 11 11 12 13 14 16 16 19 Chapter 3 RECTANGULAR patch antenna Introduction Basic Principles of Operation Resonant Frequency Radiation Pattern Radiation Efficiency Bandwidth Input Impedence Improving Performance Linear Polarization Chapter 4 microstrip patch antenna DESIGN and Results DESIGN Specifications DESIGN Procedure Simulation Setup and Results Return Loss Radiation Pattern Current Distribution Other Parameters IE3D/PSO Linkkage Development Model Chapter 5 Conclusion and Future Prospects 22 23 24 25 26 29 31 33 35 37 40 41 42 45 45 48 49 50 53 55 56 LIST OF FIGURES: PAGE NO Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure.

8 Hertz dipole on a microstrip substrate Surface waves Leaky waves Structure of a microstrip patch antenna Common shapes of microstrip patch elements 3 4 5 7 8 Figure: Microsrip Line Feed 11 Figure : Figure Figure Figure: Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Probe Fed RECTANGULAR microstrip patch antenna Aperture-coupled feed Proximity-coupled Feed microstrip Line Electric Feed Lines microstrip patch antenna Top View of antenna Side View of antenna Charge distribution and current density creation on microstrip patch 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 18 20 Figure RECTANGULAR & Circular patch antenna 23 Figure Figure Electric & Magnetic Current Distribution Radiation Pattern (E & H plane)

9 26 28 Radiation Efficiency for a RECTANGULAR patch antenna 31 Calculated & Measured Bandwidth 32 Equivalent Circuit of patch antenna 33 Comparison of input Impedances 34 Feed Types 35 Reduced surface wave microstrip antenna 36 Linear Polarization 39 microstrip patch antenna designed using IE3D 42 S-parameter plot for Return loss v/s frequency 46 Z-parameter plot for Input impedance (ZC) 47 Smith Chart Display 47 Elevation Pattern for = 0 and = 90 degrees 48 Figure: IE3D Mesh pattern of the patch antenna 49 Figure 3D Current distribution Plot 49 Figure VSWR v/s frequency plot 50 Figure Gain v/s frequency plot 51 Directivity v/s frequency plot 52 Figure: Flow chart illustrating the steps of a PSO/IE3D algorithm 54 ii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Aim and Objectives Overview of microstrip antenna Waves on microstrip antenna Characteristics Organization of the Thesis CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Communication between humans was first by sound through voice.

10 With the desire for slightly more distance communication came, devices such as drums, then, visual methods such as signal flags and smoke signals were used. These optical communication devices, of course, utilized the light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. It has been only very recent in human history that the electromagnetic spectrum, outside the visible region, has been employed for communication, through the use of radio. One of humankind s greatest natural resources is the electromagnetic spectrum and the antenna has been instrumental in harnessing this resource. Aim and Objectives microstrip patch antenna used to send onboard parameters of article to the ground while under operating conditions.