Doc 9889.2nd Edition.alltext.en - ICAO

1 Doc 9889. airport Air Quality Manual Second Edition, 2020. Approved by and published under the authority of the Secretary General INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION. Doc 9889. airport Air Quality Manual Second Edition, 2020. Approved by and published under the authority of the Secretary General INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION. Published in separate English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION. 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard, Montr al, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7. For ordering information and for a complete listing of sales agents and booksellers, please go to the ICAO website at First Edition, 2011. Doc 9889, airport Air Quality Manual Order Number: 9889.

2 ISBN 978-92-9258-963-9. ICAO 2020. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing from the International Civil Aviation Organization. AMENDMENTS. Amendments are announced in the supplements to the Products and Services Catalogue; the Catalogue and its supplements are available on the ICAO website at The space below is provided to keep a record of such amendments. RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA. AMENDMENTS CORRIGENDA. No. Date Entered by No. Date Entered by (iii). TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page Foreword .. (ix). Glossary .. (xi). Acronyms and abbreviations .. (xiii). ICAO publications .. (xvii).

3 Chapter 1. Introduction .. 1-1. Purpose .. 1-1. The Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection .. 1-1. Background .. 1-2. Air quality 1-2. Chapter 2. Regulatory framework and drivers .. 2-1. 2-1. Drivers for action .. 2-2. Local air quality regulations and pollutant regulation .. 2-3. Aircraft engine and road vehicle emissions standards and regulations .. 2-6. Changing regulations and technology targets .. 2-8. Regulatory 2-8. Chapter 3. Emissions inventory .. 3-1. 3-1. Emissions inventory parameters .. 3-2. Emissions species .. 3-3. airport -related emissions sources .. 3-4. Local and regional emissions .. 3-5. Quality assurance .. 3-6. 3-6. Appendix 1. Methodologies for the estimation of aircraft engine 3-A1-1.

4 Appendix 2. Aircraft handling emissions .. 3-A2-1. Appendix 3. Infrastructure-related and stationary sources of emissions .. 3-A3-1. Appendix 4. Vehicle traffic emissions .. 3-A4-1. (v). (vi) airport Air Quality Manual Page Chapter 4. Temporal and spatial distribution of emissions .. 4-1. 4-1. General emissions distribution considerations .. 4-2. Spatial distribution .. 4-5. Temporal distribution .. 4-6. Use of computer 4-6. Data formatting and reporting .. 4-7. Chapter 5. Dispersion 5-1. 5-1. External requirements and drivers .. 5-1. General dispersion concepts .. 5-2. Required model 5-4. Dispersion 5-8. Model outputs .. 5-11. Modelling application and interpretation of results .. 5-11. Appendix 1. Overview of dispersion modelling 5-A1-1.

5 Appendix 2. Commonly used dispersion models in the vicinity of airports .. 5-A2-1. Appendix 3. Climatological information sources .. 5-A3-1. Chapter 6. Ambient air quality measurements for airports .. 6-1. 6-1. Requirements and drivers for air quality measurements .. 6-1. Measurement plan .. 6-2. Analysis of data .. 6-6. Measurement quality assurance/quality control .. 6-9. Appendix 1. Description of selected measurement methods .. 6-A1-1. Appendix 2. Examples of measurement methods .. 6-A2-1. Appendix 3. References (selection) .. 6-A3-1. Chapter 7. Mitigation options .. 7-1. 7-1. Mitigation planning methodology .. 7-1. Mitigation options .. 7-5. Appendix to Chapter 7. References .. 7-A1-1. Table of contents (vii).

6 Page Chapter 8. Interrelationships associated with methods for mitigating environmental impacts .. 8-1. 8-1. Recommendations for evaluating interdependencies .. 8-2. Operational interrelationships for ground operations .. 8-2. Operational interrelationships for 8-4. Operational interrelationships for arrivals .. 8-4. Specific examples ICAO Circular 317 .. 8-7. References _____. FOREWORD. 1. This manual covers an evolving area of knowledge and represents currently available information that is sufficiently well-established to warrant inclusion in international guidance. This manual covers issues related to the assessment of airport -related air quality that are either specifically within the remit of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) (such as main engine emissions) or where there is an established understanding of other non-aircraft sources (such as boilers, ground support equipment and road traffic) that will contribute, to a greater or lesser extent, to the impact on air quality.

7 2. There are potential emissions source issues relevant to, but not covered in, this manual ( forward speed effects of aircraft, influence of ambient conditions on aircraft emissions, aircraft start-up emissions, aircraft brake and tire wear) that have been identified and are the subject of further investigation by ICAO, Member States, observer organizations or other expert organizations, taking into account practical experience. 3. This second edition of the manual includes chapters on the regulatory framework and drivers for local air quality measures; emissions inventory practices and emissions temporal and spatial distribution; completed emissions inventory (including a detailed sophisticated aircraft emissions calculation approach); dispersion modelling; airport measurements; mitigation options; and interrelationships associated with methods for mitigating environmental impacts.

8 Throughout the document, additional references are provided for those interested in exploring these topics in further detail. 4. This is intended to be a living document, and as more knowledge on this subject becomes available, it will be updated accordingly. Comments on this manual, particularly with respect to its application and usefulness, would be appreciated. These comments will be taken into account in the preparation of subsequent editions. Comments concerning this manual should be addressed to: The Secretary General International Civil Aviation Organization 999 Robert-Bourassa Boulevard Montr al, Quebec H3C 5H7. Canada _____. (ix). GLOSSARY. Above ground level (AGL). A height above the known runway or ground elevation.

9 Air climate unit (ACU). A self -driven or trailer-mounted compressor unit to provide aircraft with pre-conditioned air during ground time. Airshed. Mass of air that behaves in a coherent way with respect to the dispersion of emissions. For the purpose of dispersion studies performed with numerical models, it can therefore be considered as a single analysis and management unit. Auxiliary power unit (APU). A self -contained power unit on an aircraft providing electrical/pneumatic power to aircraft systems during ground operations. Carbon dioxide (CO2). A naturally occurring gas that is also a by-product of burning fossil fuels and biomass, land-use changes and other industrial processes. Carbon dioxide is the reference gas against which the global warming potential of other greenhouse gases is measured.

10 Effects: Its contribution to climate change. Carbon monoxide (CO). A colourless, odourless gas formed during incomplete combustion of heating and motor fuels. Effects: CO acts as a respiratory poison in humans and warm-blooded animals. It plays a role in the formation of ozone in the free troposphere. Environmental control system (ECS). APU bleed air is supplied to the aircraft air-conditioning packs, which supply conditioned air to the cabin. For emissions testing the bleed load condition is set for typical aircraft gate operation (depending on the aircraft type and size) and normally includes some shaft (electric) load. Fixed energy system (FES). A system at aircraft stands (remote or pier) that provides centrally produced energy (electricity and sometimes PCA) to aircraft during ground time.