DOD RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY, AND MAINTAINABILITY

1 DOD GUIDE FOR ACHIEVING. reliability , availability , AND MAINTAINABILITY . Systems Engineering for Mission Success . AUGUST 3, 2005. Foreword i RAM Guide: Table of Contents Chapter 1 - reliability , availability , MAINTAINABILITY , and the Department of Defense Introduction 1-1. - RAM Defined 1-1. reliability 1-1. availability 1-1. MAINTAINABILITY 1-1. Factors Affecting RAM 1-1. Importance of RAM 1-2. Readiness 1-2. System Safety 1-2. Mission Success 1-3. Total Ownership Cost 1-3. Logistics Footprint 1-3. The Current RAM Problem with Military Systems 1-3. The Steps to Achieving Satisfactory RAM 1-6.

2 Step 1: Understand and Document User Needs and Constraints 1-7. Step 2: Design and Redesign for RAM 1-9. Step 3: Produce Reliable and Maintainable Systems 1-14. Step 4: Monitor Field Performance 1-16. Senior Management's Role 1-17. Chapter 2 Achieving RAM in Military Systems Introduction 2-1. - Step 1: Understand and Document User Needs and Constraints 2-6. Mission and Goals for Step 1 2-7. Organizations and People for Step 1 2-8. Supporting Information for Step 1 2-8. Tools and Activities for Step 1 2-9. Outputs and Documentation for Step 1 2-14. Step 2: Design and Redesign for RAM 2-14.

3 Mission and Goals for Step 2 2-15. Organizations and People for Step 2 2-16. Supporting Information for Step 2 2-17. Tools and Activities for Step 2 2-17. Outputs and Documentation for Step 2 2-22. Step 3: Produce Reliable and Maintainable Systems 2-23. Mission and Goals for Step 3 2-23. Organizations and People for Step 3 2-24. Supporting Information for Step 3 2-24. Tools and Activities for Step 3 2-24. Outputs and Documentation for Step 3 2-26. Step 4: Monitor Field Experience 2-27. Mission and Goals for Step 4 2-27. Organizations and People for Step 4 2-28.

4 Supporting Information for Step 4 2-28. Tools and Activities for Step 4 2-29. ii RAM Guide: Table of Contents Outputs and Documentation for Step 4 2-30. Acquisition Framework and Program Integration 2-30. Current Process for Defining User Needs 2-30. Current Acquisition Framework 2-31. Chapter 3 Understand and Document User Needs and Constraints Introduction 3-1. Missions and Goals 3-3. General Considerations in Developing Metrics 3-3. reliability Metrics 3-4. MAINTAINABILITY Metrics 3-7. availability Metrics 3-8. Organizations and People 3-13. Supporting Information 3-14.

5 Tools and Activities 3-14. Development of a Conceptual System 3-15. Consideration of COTS versus New Development 3-18. - Representative System Model Construction 3-19. Perform Preliminary RAM Assessment 3-19. Formulate RAM Rationale 3-22. Construct Preliminary RAM Program Plan 3-25. RAM Case Development 3-29. Initial Technical Review (ITR) 3-31. Alternative System Review (ASR) 3-32. System Requirements Review (SRR) 3-32. Integrated Baseline Review (IBR) 3-32. Outputs and Documentation 3-32. Chapter 4 Design and Redesign for RAM. Introduction 4-1. Mission and Goals 4-1.

6 People and Organizations 4-2. Supporting Information 4-2. Input Information 4-2. Developed Information 4-3. Tools and Activities 4-3. Develop RAM Program Plan 4-3. RAM Design and Development Techniques 4-6. Technical Reviews 4-71. Outputs and Documentation 4-73. Chapter 5 Produce Reliable and Maintainable Systems Introduction 5-1. Mission and Goals 5-1. People and Organizations 5-3. Supporting Information 5-4. iii RAM Guide: Table of Contents Input Information 5-4. Developed Information 5-4. Tools and Activities 5-5. Develop Production RAM Program Plan 5-5. Provide Contractual Incentives and Contractor Oversight 5-5.

7 Plan and Conduct Operational Test and Evaluation 5-7. Participate in RAM Related ECP and Diagnostic Software Reviews 5-10. Environmental Stress Screening 5-11. Highly Accelerated Stress Screens 5-12. Lot Acceptance Testing 5-13. Production reliability Assurance Testing 5-14. Continuation of Growth/TAFT 5-16. Continued Maintenance/ MAINTAINABILITY Demonstration and Evaluation 5-16. Continued RQT and Acceptance Testing 5-17. DCACAS 5-17. Quality and Quality Control Techniques 5-18. System Verification Review (SVR) 5-19. Production Readiness Review (PRR) 5-19. Operational Test Readiness Review (OTRR) 5-20.

8 Physical Configuration Audit (PCA) 5-20. Outputs and Documentation 5-20. Chapter 6 Monitor Field Performance Introduction 6-1. Mission and Goals 6-1. Manage the RAM Sustainment Program 6-2. Identify RAM Problems and Prioritize Solutions 6-2. Identify Opportunities for Improving RAM 6-4. Provide Lessons Learned to the Acquisition and Capability Development Community 6-5. People and Organizations 6-6. Supporting Information 6-7. Tools and Activities 6-7. Data Collection, Analysis, and Corrective Action System (DCACAS) 6-8. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis 6-13.

9 reliability Growth Testing/Test-Analyze-Fix-Test 6-13. Life Data Analysis 6-13. Field Assessment and System Trending 6-14. Repair Strategy 6-15. reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) 6-15. Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) 6-17. Parts Obsolescence and Diminishing Manufacturing Sources 6-18. In-Service Review (ISR) 6-18. Outputs and Documentation 6-19. Appendices iv RAM Guide: Table of Contents Appendix A Proposals and Contracts A-1. Appendix B Software reliability B-1. Appendix C reliability Growth Management reliability Maturation Metrics for Failure Mode Coverage and Fix Effectiveness C-1.

10 reliability Growth Tracking C-3. reliability Projection C-9. reliability Growth Planning C-17. Appendix D Field Assessment and System Trending D-1. Point Process Models D-2. Homogeneous Poisson Process (HPP) D-4. Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP) D-4. Trend Analysis of System Failure Data D-6. Plotting Cumulative Failures vs. Cumulative Operation Time D-6. Laplace Test Statistic D-7. Glossary of Acronyms G-1. References Chapter 1 R-1. Chapter 2 R-1. Chapter 3 R-3. Chapter 4 R-4. Chapter 5 R-7. Chapter 6 R-7. Appendix A R-8. Appendix B R-8. Appendix C R-9.