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Drag on Spheres
Drag on Spheres Prepared by Professor J. M. Cimbala, Penn State University Latest revision: 11 January 2012 Nomenclature a speed of sound A projected frontal area (for a sphere, A = d2/4) CD drag coefficient: CD = 2FD/( V 2A) CL lift coefficient: CL = 2FL/( V 2A) d diameter of a cylinder, sphere, or other object FD drag force FL lift force g gravitational constant (9.81 m/s2)
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Flat plate turbulent BL - Pennsylvania State University
www.me.psu.eduThe turbulent flat plate boundary layer velocity profile: The time-averaged turbulent flat plate (zero pressure gradient) boundary layer velocity profile is much fuller than the laminar flat plate boundary layer profile, and therefore has a larger slope u/ y at the wall, leading to greater skin friction drag along the wall.
Activated Carbon (Charcoal) Filters
www.me.psu.eduCharcoal filters are used in air conditioning units and exhaust fans to rid air of unwanted odors (smoke, fumes, and animal odor). Some forms of alcohol, …
ANSYS Workbench Tutorial – Flow Over an Airfoil
www.me.psu.eduWorkbench Tutorial – Flow Over an Airfoil, Page 3. on the circle next to “Meter”, then OK. If this prompt does not appear, your version of DM was set to always use a certain unit of length. If this is the case, Tools-Options-Units, and set . Display Units Pop-up Window. to “Yes”. 3. Concept-3D Curve. In . Details View, Not Selected
Stress, Strain, and Strain Gages
www.me.psu.eduStress, Strain, and Strain Gages, Page 2 Strain gage The principle discussed above, namely that a wire’s resistance increases with strain, is key to understanding how a strain gage works. The strain gage was invented by Ed Simmons at Caltech in 1936. A strain gage consists of a small diameter wire (actually an etched metal foil) that is attached to a backing material (usually …
Compressible Flow in a Converging-Diverging Nozzle
www.me.psu.educhromel-alumel. 4. microphones, amplifier, and speaker system 5. Heise absolute pressure gauge (psi units) 6. Omega Engineering thermocouple-based digital thermometer, model 871 7. schlieren flow visualization system: a. two 70-mm diameter 500-mm focal length lenses b. LED light source with condenser lens and slit
Probability Density Functions
www.me.psu.eduProbability Density Functions, Page 2 expected value when n is large. x and μ are often used interchangeably, but this should be done only if n is large. Standard deviation is defined in terms of the PDF as standard deviation σμ()()x 2 fxdx ∞ −∞ == −∫.In an ideal situation in which f(x) exactly represents the population, σ is the standard deviation of the entire population.
939-956 cengel app1 - Pennsylvania State University
www.me.psu.edu948 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS TABLE A–9 Properties of air at 1 atm pressure Specific Thermal Thermal Dynamic Kinematic Prandtl Temp. Density Heat c p Conductivity Diffusivity Viscosity Viscosity Number T, 8C r, kg/m3 J/kg·K k, W/m·K a, m2/s m, kg/m·s n, m2/s Pr 2 150 2.866 983 0.01171 4.158 3 1026 8.636 3 1026 3.013 3 1026 0.7246 2 100 2.038 966 0.01582 …
The Ideal Gas Constant
www.me.psu.eduFor air in English units, air ft lbf 1545.4 lbmol R ft lbf 53.34 lbm lbm R 28.97 lbmol R Ru M . As a check, one can convert from S. I. to English units, i.e., kJ 1 Btu 5 K 778.17 ft lbf 0.4536 kg ft lbf 0.2870 53.35 air kg K 1.055 kJ 9 R Btu lbm lbm R R The disagreement in the last digit is due to round-off errors in the conversion factors.
Parts of a micrometer - Pennsylvania State University
www.me.psu.eduPlease use the information below to help you read our .001" and .0001" outside micrometers. Parts of a micrometer Figure 1: The parts of a micrometer Sleeve: The Micrometer sleeve is divided into 10 equal parts, each of these parts is equal to .100" (1 tenth of an inch). Each of these 10 parts is divided into 4 equal parts.
Dynamic System Response - Pennsylvania State University
www.me.psu.eduDynamic System Response, Page 3 o For nonhomogeneous ODEs (those with non-zero right hand sides) like the above, the solution is the sum of a general (homogeneous) part and a particular (nonhomogeneous) part in which the right hand side takes the actual form of the forcing function, x(t) times K, namely y t ygeneral particular t y t .
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