Drinking Water Supply And Demand Management In …

1 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 3, March 2015. ISSN 2348 7968. Drinking Water Supply And Demand Management In Chennai City- A Literature Survey , b, c, d a,c Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Technology, Tiruchengode, TamilNadu, b,d PG Scholar, Department of Industrial Safety Engineering, College of Technology, Tiruchengode, TamilNadu, Abstract the Cooum river [1]. Source of Water distribution is mainly based on: One of the major problem in chennai metropolitan area is Water scarcity which comprises Water strain, Water dearth i. Surface Water and Water disaster. Natural reasons and human causes may ii. Ground Water also plays a major role in Water scarcity problem. This Water Supply city system:[Surface Water ]. survey aims to focus on the Drinking Water Supply and In the northwest along GNT road, for about six km Demand in chennai metropolitan city.

2 As a result of this from the Red hills lake is situated were Water is review paper, different author's vision towards Water drawn for the Chennai city Supply . The upper Supply problem in chennai city were discussed. Study of 20. channel which diverts the flow at Tamaraipakkam to journals based on Water crisis in chennai city, growing population, and ground Water source, Water quality of Cholavaram lake from there it flows to Red hills lake. Drinking Water and also awareness of harvesting rain Water This lake mainly receives its Supply across the were also discussed. Poondi reservoir [2]. Small number of lakes are also connected in the northwest of Chennai city, were a Key words: safe Drinking Water , Supply and Demand , statistical analysis report shows that for period of 39. increase in growing population, Chennai metropolitan area, awareness of harvesting rain Water .

3 Years 95% of probability is the safe potential up to 142 mid. This is because lakes are shallow and has 1 Introduction 43% evaporation losses. Chennai city is the capital of Tamil Nadu state, is Ground Water In early Water Supply source to Chennai, people we located on the coast of the Bay of Bengal at latitude 13 4 North and longitude 18 15 East. Two rivers depend on shallow wells situated in their own houses and some part if people mainly depend on public rush through Chennai, the Cooum river in the central region and the Adayar river in the southern region. wells and tanks. At that time was no source Water Supply during the year 1914 protected alter Supply Domestic and Commercial sources were polluted system using filtration and pumping was achieved these two rivers with effluent and trash. [3]. The state government took responsibility on de-silted the Adayar river, which is much less polluted than 715 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol.

4 2 Issue 3, March 2015. ISSN 2348 7968. States of ground Water in Chennai basin of August till the middle of October, South flow parallel to coolest sets the rainfall received during The source of ground Water are from the old well south west monsoon is recorded as 760mm and fields such as poondi, flood plains and kannigaipair during south east monsoon is 400mm [4]. The and new well fields like panjetty, tamaraipakkam and average annual rainfall for the Chennai city is about minjur [4]. Ground Water are getting polluted because 1,300mm [1]. of effluent and plastic trash were the intrusion of sea Water that contain salty waste product spoils the Rain gauge stations groundwater where does not meet the permissible Chennai city storage reservoir are: limit for Drinking purpose. 1. Poondi 2. Study Area [Hydrology] 2. Climate 3. Red hills 4.

5 Chennai metropolitian area has a hot climate, were 5. most of hottest part is late May and early June, with Ponneri, tamaraipakkam, cholavaram, redhills, vallur, maximum temperatures 38-42 c (100-107 F).And the anicut, thiruvottiyur, nungmbakkam, egmore, coolest part of the year is January, with minimum koratturtambaram, meenambakkam, kovalam, temperature around 19-20 c (66-68 F) [1]. Due to ponnamallu and chembarambakkam are the rain cyclones and low pressure development in Bay of gauge stations in which Poondi reservoir plays an Bengal Chennai city receives heavy rainfall and the important role this is because this reservoir receives area is regulated with sea breeze with high humidity. Water from Krishna Water and now the poondi canal capacity is m3/s (1000 cusecs) [1,4]. Mode of Water Supply to people in Chennai is through metro SEASON DURATION Water pipeline connection, bore wells, and tankers.

6 This tanker supplies Water to the south part of Winter January and February Chennai were Water storage is from chembarampakkam which has a free catchment zone Summer March to May area up to South west monsoon June to September Population North west monsoon October to December The major factor that demands the Water is Table The important season in Chennai population. From the directorate of census metropolitan area operations, Chennai data have collected in which Rainfall of population living in urban centers ranks third most urbanized state in India [4]. Chennai At the middle of October till December the rainfall district verified increases to to its population currents sets from the north and about the earlier day compared to 1991. The initial draft data released by 716 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol.

7 2 Issue 3, March 2015. ISSN 2348 7968. census India 2011, shows that mass of Chennai It has been estimated that the Demand increases up to district for 2011 is 26,553 people [5]. 76% to 114% of the usage of Water in future 2050. The 3 components which challenge the Supply chain- Ground Water recharge structures side of present and future Demand are: To improve the ground Water storage recharge (1) Creating new potential for enhancing Supply structures are built. To improve the Water table, a process by which ground Water reservoir is amplified. (2) Achieving equitable distribution Hence these structures provide good quality of (3) Meeting the needs of sustainable development ground Water in the aquifers. And the challenges posed by Demand -side solution Intrusion of sea Water are: If the ground Water level decline, sea Water moves (1) Creating new technologies for reducing Water inland in which it threats the ground Water .

8 Most Demand . coastal area are dependent on local fresh Water where (2) Bringing about changes in the societal mindset intrusion of saline Water into fresh ground Water about Water usage. occurs commonly in coastal aquifers [4]. (3) Initiating and enforcing Water -related structural The southern region of Chennai is also facing threat reforms. of contamination due to constant pumping and To bind the gap between Demand and Supply improper Management . Digging of bore wells in Management a balanced Water Management south Chennai area like Besant Nagar, Triplicane has approach, involving fundamental changes in policies, already started resilient brackish Water with high practices, performance, and public behavior is TDS (total dissolved solids). required [6]. 3. Investigation in Demand and Supply of Water Management - Review from different authors Water Crisis In India: Need For A Balanced Management Approach Maheshwari et al 1 analyzed, the Water related problem in India which have pointed to crisis situation.

9 The gap between Demand and Supply of usage of Water got increased and the reasons are: (1) The ever- burgeoning population. Fig Challenges of Supply chain solutions (2) The raise in per capita consumption of Water . 717 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 3, March 2015. ISSN 2348 7968. A Way Out of Drinking Water Crisis In Rural The key environmental issues as environmental fear India that are to be lectured are: Suchismita Das et al 1(2013) analyzed that over (1) Industrial Effluent Discharge exploitation of ground Water and receding Water (2) Surface Water Pollution tables resulted in Water crisis in many general and (3) Ground Water Pollution rural areas which resulting in dry wells, ponds etc. (4) Catchment Degradation Pure and safe Drinking Water in rural area has taken (5) Siltation In Rivers And Reservoirs demoralizing form.

10 Because of no pure Drinking On implementing the Water Resources Consolidation Water death zone arise and only sources of Water are Project from the World Bank the government of some natural springs and Water pits kilometers away Tamil Nadu has obtained: from their homes. Ground Water is generally pure and (1) Water Sector Reforms Project safe for Drinking but because of overexploitation, (2) River Basin Boards Water table is progressively getting down. Due to (3) Ground Water Regulation high usage, the groundwater quality is being (4). Interlinking of Rivers corrupted with pollutants such as heavy metals, From various sectors of the state economy the fast pesticides, coliform, BOD, COD etc. Rain Water growing population has results in the urbanization storage tank which has a capacity of storing 10,000. and increase in Demand for Water .