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1 DTI V&JU N28 1 _Jr**% 7- The viwa expressed in this paper are thoee of the authorce) and do not necessanly mfect the view* of the-Departmnt of Defens or any of its agemacam This(N document may not be feleased fr open pubication .ini~ -it has been cleared by the appropriate military service orSgovernment AND TAXING CARE OF SOLDIERSWHAT DOES IT MEAN?BYLIEUTENANT COLONEL DANIEL J. SULLIVANU nited States ArmyDISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved or public is CLASS OF ARMY WAR COLLEGE, CARLISLE BARRACKS, PA 17013-505091-036844 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEForm ApprovedREPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OM No. 0704-0188Ia. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICAT;ON lb. RESTRICTIVE MARKINGSUNCIASSIFIED2a. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF REPORTA pproved for public release; distribution is?b. DECLASSIFICATION/IDOWNGRADING SCHEDULEun~ PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) 5. MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S)6a.

2 NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION(If applicable)US Anny War College AWQCA6c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIPCode) 7b. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code)Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-50028a. NAME OF FUNDING/SPONSORING 8b. OFFICE SYMBOL 9. PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBERORGANIZATION (If applicable)8c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERSPROGRAM PROJECT TASK WORK UNITELEMENT NO. NO. NO. ACCESSION TITLE (Include Security Clatsfication)Leadership and Taking Care of Soldiers: What Does It Mean?12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) Sullivan, Daniel J., LTC13a. TYPE OF REPORT 13b. TIME COVERED 14. DATE OF REPORT (Year, Month, Day) 15. PAGE COUNTS tudy Project FROM TO 1991 February 14 3216. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION17. COSATI CODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP19. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)Officers and non-commissioned officers at all levelsuse the phrase "take care of the troops" to refer to manydifferent things.

3 The purpose of this paper is to determine ifthere is consensus among current Army senior leaders about whatthe phrase means. Army leadership regulations, comments fromoutgoing division commanders from 1985-1989, and relatedphilosophy of General H. Norman Schwarzkopf are examined todetermine the meaning of the phrase "take care of the troops."Historical examples of good and poor leadership are from 23 active duty general officers are analyzed indeveloping the TOP 10 Imperatives on how to best take care DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21. ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION0 UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED : SAME AS RPT C OTIC USERS UNCLASSIFIED22a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b TELEPHONE (Include Are& Code) 22c. OFFICE SYMBOLMARTIN W. ANDRESIN, LTC, FA (717) 245-4114 USAMHID form 1473, JUN 86 Previous editions are obsolete. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEUNCLASSIFIEDSTIC TANIU8znowie edJust if lat I OI-ByDistribution/Avallabillty CodeeUSAWC MILITARY STUDIES PROGRAM PAPER 7 -VS1ilEadjr!

4 Dist Spee iaLEADERSHIP AND TAKING CARE OF DOES IT MEAN?AN INDIVIDUAL STUDY PROJECTbyLieutenant Colonel Daniel J. SullivanUnited States ArmyLieutenant Colonel Martin W. AndresenProject AdviserDISTRIBUTION4 STATEMENT A: Approved for publi4release; distribution is Army War CollegeCarlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania 17013 The views expressed in this paper are those of theauthor and do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe Department of Defense or any of its doc ment may not be released for open publicationuntil it has been cleared by the appropriate mlitarvservice or government : Daniel J. Sullivan, LTC, ArmyTITLE: Leadership and taking care of soldiers. What doesit mean?FORMAT: Individual Study ProjectDATE: 14 February 1991 PAGES:32 CLASSIFICATION: UnclassifiedOfficers and non-commissioned officers at all levelsuse the phrase "take care of the troops" to refer to manydifferent things. The purpose of this paper is to determine ifthere is consensus among current Army senior leaders about whatthe phrase means.

5 Army leadership regulations, comments fromoutgoing division commanders from 1985-1989, and relatedphilosophy of General H. Norman Schwarzkopf are examined todetermine the meaning of the phrase "take care of the troops."Historical examples of good and poor leadership are from 23 active duty general officers are analyzed indeveloping the TOP 10 Imperatives on how to best take care for your soldiers means doing allyou can to try to help them meet theirphysical, security, social, and higher leaders get the idea that caring fortheir soldiers only means ensuring that theyhave adequate food, clothing, rest, shelter,and necessary weapons and equipment to dotheir jobs. Providing for these physicalneeds is critically important, but caring foryour subordinates goes much 22-100 Officers and non-commissioned officers at all levels areconcerned about their soldiers. However, we sometimes use thephrase "take care of the troops" to refer to many differentthings.

6 The purpose of this paper is to determine the meaning ofthe phrase "take care of the troops" and to see if there is aconsensus regarding this critical concept among current Armysenior one doubts that senior military leaders take care of theirsoldiers. Leadership and taking care of soldiers are to answer the above question was therefore centered onLeadership. This study reviews Army leadership regulations. Itanalyzes comments from outgoing division commanders. It conveysthe related philosophy of General H. Norman Schwarzkopf and citessome historical examples of good and poor leadership. The paperthen analizes a survey sent to forty active duty Army generalofficers. The survey taps into the key programs, innovations andpersonal philosophies developed by these senior leaders in theiryears of taking care of soldiers. The TOP 10 imperatives on howto best take care of troops are developed from the survey. Mypersonal philosophy on taking care of soldiers and a finalanalysis conclude the REGULATIONSDA PAM 600-80, Executive LeadershipChapter Six, "Human Resources Development," begins with thepremise that the Army is and depends on its people.

7 Developingmember capability and providing the best growth opportunities arekey functions in any successful Tn addition,Congressional mandate and the Oath of Commission hold militaryleaders accountable "for upholding constitutional valu s andmanaging the human and financial resources entrusted to theircare. The most precious of those resources is human life.'3 Thenation's most valuable future resource is its young people,especially its young human resource subsystem and life cycle process isprovided at Appendix Key areas that relate to taking careof the soldier are as follows:-A work environment that facilitates productivity and pridein for professional and personal for the physical, mental and spiritual well-beingof of individuals who are unable to meet the from military to civilian Pam 600-80 also describes several first and secondorganizational order effects. An excellent example of aDepartment of the Army generated second order effect withtremendous impact on soldiers and their well-being is the "TotalArmy Fitness Program.

8 ''5 I can't think of a better way to carefor and strengthen the health and well-being of our soldiers thanthrough this 100-5, OPERATIONSA lthough FM 100-5 is the Army's keystone warfighting manual,there is a definite link between the "how to fight" doctrine andthe "how to lead" This link, as it relates to caringfor soldiers, can be further validated as we examine the dynamicsof combat power and its elements of maneuver, firepower,protection and leadership. The element of protection is dividedinto two components: (1) actions to counter enemy capabilities,and (2) keeping soldiers healthy and maintaining their fightingmorale. Protection's second component also includes: (1) care ofsoldier's basic health needs and prevention of unnecessaryexposure to debilitating conditions, (2) welfare and morale ofsoldiers, (3) building cohesion and esprit in units, and (4)systems in place for adequate medical care, expeditious return ofminor casualties to duty and preventive 22-100, MILITARY LEADERSHIPThe eleven traditional principles of leadership have providedthe ccrnerstone for Army leadership doctrine.

9 Several principlesprovide a framework for leaders to care for soldiers: (1) knowyour soliers and look out for their well-being, (2) keep yoursoldiers informed, (3) develop a sense of responsibility in yoursubordinates, (4) ensure that the task is understood, supervisedand accomplished, (5) train your soldiers as a team, and (6)employ your unit in accordance with its traits of character for a leader are outlined in FM 22-100. Empathy (or compassion) is directly related to caring forsoldiers and defined as "being sensitive to the feelings, values,interests, and well-being of others. It includes makingsuggestions that help people with problems."'9 Good leaders must also understand and look out for the humanneeds of their troops if they are to properly care for needs are categorized as physical, security, social andhigher. Examples of higher needs include the need for: (1)religion, (2) increased competence, (3) serving a worthwhilecause, and (4) being 0 "Good leaders are concerned morewith the well-being of their people than they are withthemselves.

10 They go out of their way to give their time, energy,thought, and counsel to teach and help their subordinates to liveup to their examples of how leaders can take care of their troopsare provided in pages 221-250 of FM 22-100. Leaders motivate4soldiers by: (1) rewarding individual and team behavior thatsupports unit tasks and missions, (2) counseling or punishingsoldiers who behave in a way that is counter to unit tasks,missions and standards, (3) encouraging subordinates toparticipate in the planning of upcoming events,(4) alleviating causes of the personal concerns of your soldiersso that soldiers can concentrate on their jobs, (5) ensuringyour soldiers are properly cared for and have the tools they needto succeed, and (6) keeping your soldiers informed about missionsand 2 "If you truly care about your soldiers, youare deeply concerned about all aspects of their lives .. youwant to prepare them for battle and for life in every way youcan.