Dynamic Line Rating Systems for Transmission Lines Topical …

1 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Dynamic line Rating Systems for Transmission Lines Topical Report Smart Grid Demonstration Program April 25, 2014. Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.

2 Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed therein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Acknowledgements for Permission to Use Figures Some figures in this report may derive from non-public domain sources. In such cases, efforts have been made to comply with copyright law.

3 The authors are grateful to the persons and organizations for their cooperation in securing or granting permissions to use those figures. Author List: Energy Sector Planning and Analysis (ESPA). Warren Wang, Sarah Pinter Navigant Consulting, Inc. This report was prepared by Energy Sector Planning and Analysis (ESPA) for the United States Department of Energy (DOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). This work was completed under DOE NETL Contract Number DE-FE0004001. This work was performed under ESPA Task The authors wish to acknowledge the guidance, contributions, and support of the NETL staff, particularly: Steven Bossart, Senior Energy Analyst Ronald Staubly, Technical Project Officer DOE Contract Number DE-FE0004001.

4 Abstract Through the Department of Energy's Smart Grid Demonstration Program (SGDP), the New York Power Authority (NYPA) and Oncor Electric Delivery Company (Oncor) demonstrated Dynamic line Rating (DLR) technologies to increase the efficient use of the existing Transmission network, mitigate Transmission congestion, and develop best practices for applying DLR. Systems . Both demonstration projects confirmed the presence of real-time capacity above the static Rating , in most instances, with up to 25% additional usable capacity made available for system operations. NYPA worked with the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) using technologies and approaches that EPRI developed, while Oncor deployed Nexans' commercially available conductor tension-monitoring CAT-1 System.

5 Key outcomes of the two SGDP projects include NYPA's assessment of the benefits and disadvantages of DLR technologies and Oncor's demonstration that Dynamic ratings can be automatically applied in real-time system operations. The projects revealed opportunities to enhance future DLR deployments by ensuring the reliability of DLR data, preemptively addressing cybersecurity concerns, integrating Dynamic ratings into system operations, and verifying the financial benefits of DLR Systems . Keywords: Transmission , DLR, Dynamic line Rating , Dynamic capability Rating , real-time Rating , thermal Rating , Rating , Dynamic capability Rating system, Transmission line monitoring system, congestion, Transmission constraint, EPRI, Nexans, NYPA, Oncor, Smart Grid Demonstration Program Table of Contents Abstract.

6 Iii Executive Summary .. i Fundamentals and Potential Benefits of DLR Technologies .. i The SGDP DLR Technical Performance of DLR Technologies ..v Key Results and Lessons Current and Planned DLR Deployments .. vii 1. Introduction .. 1. Purpose and Scope .. 1. Overview of Dynamic line ratings .. 2. Organization of This Report .. 5. 2. DLR Methodologies and Value Proposition .. 7. History of DLR Technologies .. 7. Technical Approach .. 7. DLR Devices and Software .. 9. Expected Benefits of DLR Systems .. 12. 3. DLR Demonstration Projects .. 18. DLR Project 19. Demonstrations of DLR Systems .

7 21. 4. Analysis of Results .. 29. Results of NYPA's DLR Demonstration .. 29. Results of Oncor's DLR Demonstration .. 32. Observations and Analysis .. 36. 5. Lessons Learned .. 38. Lessons Learned from NYPA's DLR Demonstration .. 38. Lessons Learned from Oncor's DLR Demonstration .. 41. Potential Challenges and Opportunities for DLR Systems .. 45. Ongoing 58. Conclusion .. 59. Appendix A. References .. A-1. Appendix B. Detailed Project Results .. B-1. Detailed Results of NYPA's DLR Demonstration .. B-1. Detailed Results of Oncor's DLR Demonstration .. B-21. Appendix C.

8 Best Practices Guide .. C-1. Project Planning and Design .. C-2. Equipment Installation .. C-10. Implementation with the System Operator .. C-11. Example Project .. C-17. List of Tables Table ES 1. Objectives and Outcomes of the SGDP DLR Demonstrations .. iv Table 1. Impacts of Changing Operating Conditions on Transmission line Capacity .. 10. Table 2. Key Attributes of DLR Demonstrations .. 19. Table 3. Summary of NYPA's Monitoring Methods .. 22. Table 4. NYPA DLR Project 24. Table 5. Oncor DLR Project Milestones .. 27. Table 6. Oncor's Solutions to DLR Challenges.

9 28. Table 7. Summary of Data Collected by NYPA .. 30. Table 8. Summary of NYPA Site 1 Static and Dynamic ratings .. 31. Table 9. Summary of NYPA Site 2 Static and Dynamic ratings .. 31. Table 10. Summary of NYPA Site 3 Static and Dynamic ratings .. 32. Table 11. Percent of Time Dynamic Rating Exceeded Ambient-Adjusted Rating (All 345 kV Lines ) .. 34. Table 12. Availability of NYPA's DLR Devices (All Sites) .. 39. Table 13. Alternative Solutions .. 51. Table B-14. Summary of Static ratings for Site 1 (Installation Site) ..B-1. Table B-15. Summary of Static ratings for Site 1 (Overall Circuit).

10 B-1. Table B-16. Summary of Static ratings for Sites 2 and 3 (Installation Site) ..B-1. Table B-17. Summary of Static ratings for Sites 2 and 3 (Overall Circuit) ..B-2. Table B-18. NYPA Site 1: Winter 2010/2011 (Amps) ..B-3. Table B-19. NYPA Site 1: Summer 2011 (Amps)..B-4. Table B-20. NYPA Site 1: Winter 2011/2012 (Amps) ..B-5. Table B-21. NYPA Site 1: Summer 2012 (Amps)..B-6. Table B-22. NYPA Site 2: Winter 2010/2011 (Amps) ..B-7. Table B-23. NYPA Site 2: Summer 2011 (Amps)..B-8. Table B-24. NYPA Site 2: Winter 2011/2012 (Amps) ..B-9. Table B-25. NYPA Site 2: Summer 2012 (Amps).