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1 1 2012/6/15 ( ) SO2 NOx CO 2012/6/15 1 Lab. of Environmental Science 2 = x ----- ---- --- 7 mks (SI) --- --- , 2012/6/15 2 Lab. of Environmental Science 2012/6/15 3 Lab. of Environmental Science m 86Kr 2p10 5d5 1,650, kg s 133Cs 9,129,631,770 A 1m 1m 2 10-7 N K 1 mol 1023 cd 540 1012 Hz 1/683 W sr-1 3 2012/6/15 4 Lab.

2 Of Environmental Science m2 L2 m3 L3 N MLT-2 m/s ms-1 LT-1 Pa ML-1T-2 mol/m3 molm-3 m L-3 m/s2 ms-2 LT-2 (min) 1min=60s ( ) 1h=60min=3,600s (d) 1d=24h=1,440min=86,400s (L) 1L=1(dm)3=10-3m3=103ml (t) 1t=103kg 10n, 10-m , 101=10, 102=100, 103=1,000, ----- 10-1=1/10, 10-2=1/100, 10-3=1/1,000, ---- 2012/6/15 5 Lab. of Environmental Science 4 2012/6/15 6 Lab. of Environmental Science 1018 E 10-1 d 1015 P 10-2 c 1012 T 10-3 m 109 G 10-6 106 M 10-9 n 103 K 10-12 p 102 H 10-15 f 101 da 10-18 a ------ ( ) ------ ---- ------ ---- 2cm+2cm=4cm 2cm-20g=?

3 ?? 2cm+2m=2m2cm 2cmx2cm=4cm2 2cm 2cm= =1 2m 2cm= =100 = =100 2012/6/15 7 Lab. of Environmental Science 2cm 2cm 2m 2cm 200cm 2cm 5 m3, L, ml 1m3=1,000L=103L 1L=1,000ml=103ml kg, g, mg, g 1kg=1,000g=103g 1g=1,000mg=103mg 1kg=103g=106mg 1mg=1/1000g=10-3g s, min, H, d kg/m3, mg/L mg/L=g/m3( ) K= C+ 2012/6/15 8 Lab. of Environmental Science =mol 1023 ( ) 1 1 1mol( ) mol ( ) --- 1 = 1mol 2012/6/15 9 Lab.

4 Of Environmental Science 6 mol 1 mol H( ) 1g C( ) 12g O( ) 16g N( ) 14g S( ) 32g Cl( ) Na( ) 23g 2012/6/15 10 Lab. of Environmental Science 1mol 1 mol 2 mol ---- H2O 2 1 1mol=1x2+16=18(g) , 1mol 1mol= ( ) H2O 2 H2O (1mol=18g=18ml) H2O ( 1mol=18g= ) 2012/6/15 11 Lab. of Environmental Science 7 1 0 C(273 ), 1atm( , 1013hPa) N m3N PV= P1V1 = P2V2 = k ( ) V/T = V1/T1 = V2/T2 = k 2012/6/15 12 Lab.

5 Of Environmental Science 2 = = k 1mol 1atm, , 273K = k = [L atm/K mol] R: PV = nRT 2012/6/15 13 Lab. of Environmental Science P2V2 T2 P1V1 T1 1 x 273 8 1, , 4mol g 2012/6/15 14 Lab. of Environmental Science 1mol 4mol CH4 C2H6 C3H8 CO2 1 2012/6/15 15 Lab. of Environmental Science 1 ( 4) g Step1 CH4 1mol C ------- 12 H4 ------ 1x4=4 12+4=16 HNO3 1mol = 16(g) Step2 CH4 1mol 16(g) = x(g) 1mol 16(g) = x(g) x= x= (g) 9 1, , 4mol g 2012/6/15 16 Lab.

6 Of Environmental Science 1mol 4mol CH4 16g 64g C2H6 30g 9g 120g C3H8 44g 176g CO2 44g 176g 18g 72g = 2012/6/15 17 Lab. of Environmental Science A B C D : A B C D A B 1A 1B 1C 1D : 1mol A B 1mol C D ; 10 2012/6/15 18 Lab. of Environmental Science O2 H2 H2O : O2 H2 H2O ( ) ( ) O2 H2 H2O O 2 1 H 2 2 : 34 18 2012/6/15 19 Lab.

7 Of Environmental Science O2 H2 H2O i ii 2 O2 H2 2H2O O2 2H2 2H2O O, H O: L2, R2 H: L4, R4 L=16x2+1x4=36 R=[(1x2)+16]x2=36 11 2012/6/15 20 Lab. of Environmental Science -------------- %, ppm 1% = 10,000ppm ( ) --- kg/day 1 ( ) , ( ) 2012/6/15 21 Lab. of Environmental Science 12 1 2012/6/15 22 Lab.

8 Of Environmental Science 2 2012/6/15 23 Lab. of Environmental Science 13 3 C + O2 CO2 C + O2 = CO2 + H + h H: h : C : ( ) O2 : ( ) (21%) 2012/6/15 24 Lab. of Environmental Science 2 ( CH4, C3H8 ) (H2), (CO), LNG, LPG , , , , ( ) , C : C + O2 CO2 ; H2 H : 4 H + O2 2 H2O ; H +1/4O2 1/2H2O H2O 2012/6/15 25 Lab. of Environmental Science 14 3 CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O 1mol = CH4(16g), O2(32g), CO2(44g), H2O(18g) 1mol CH4 2mol O2 1mol CO2 2mol H2O ( ) 1000 mol kmol( ) () kmol 16g(16kg) CH4 64g(64kg) O2 44g(44kg) CO2 36g(36kg) H2O CH4, O2, CO2, H2O ( ), ( ) 2012/6/15 26 Lab.

9 Of Environmental Science 4 CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O 1mol = CH4(16g), O2(32g), CO2(44g), H2O(18g) H2O ( ) 1mol= CH4 O2 CO2 H2O 1m3 CH4 2m3 O2 1m3 CO2 2m3 H2O 1m3 CH4 2m3 O2 1m3 CO2 2012/6/15 27 Lab. of Environmental Science 15 5 2 C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O 4, 3, 5 2C4H10 + 13O2 8CO2 + 10H2O 10, 2, 8, 13 2CO + O2 2CO2 2, 2 2H2 + O2 2H2O 2, 2 S + O2 SO2 N + O2 NO2 2N + O2 2NO N2 + O2 2NO 2012/6/15 28 Lab.

10 Of Environmental Science ( ) 21% , (N2)78%, (Ar)1%, N2=79% CO2, SO2 , , 2012/6/15 29 Lab. of Environmental Science 16 1 2012/6/15 30 Lab. of Environmental Science 1 2012/6/15 31 Lab. of Environmental Science Step1 CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O Step2 CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O Step3 CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O (A0) 1mol CH4 2mol O2 , = 21% A0 = 2molx100/21 = CH4 1m3 21x = 200 A0 = x = 200/21 m3 O2 A0 100 21 xmol 2mol Step4 CH41mol = + G = CO2 + A0 = 1mol + x (79/100) = CO2 = CO2 x100/ CO2 % = 1molx100 = ( ) = 1 Step 5 100x = 200 N2 = x = = N2 A0 100 79 xmol 17 1 2012/6/15 32 Lab.