Electronics Lab Manual - Edutalks.org

1 Electronics Lab ManualVolume 1K. A. Navas, M , ECE of Engineering Publishers, Kochi 682020 Electronics Lab Manual Volume 1 Fourth editionCopyrightc 2008 Rajath publishers and the author jointlyThis book is sold subjected to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, belent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without publisher s prior written consent in anyform of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similarcondition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser and withoutlimiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may bereproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or byany means( electronic , mechanical, photocopying.)

2 Recording or otherwise), without priorpermission of the copyright byRajath Publishers28/450-A, Club Road, Girinagar SouthKadavanthra, Rs. set in LATEXP rinted at Pioneer offset, Ravipuram, Kochi-15 Contents1 Electronics Passive electronic components .. Active electronic components .. Colour code for resistors .. Coding for capacitors .. Numbering of semiconductor devices .. Cathode ray oscilloscope .. Familiarisation of multimeters .. DC source and signal generator .. Testing of electronic components .. PCB fabrication .. Soldering practice .. Transformer winding practice ..492 BASIC Electronics LAB (SOLID STATE DEVICES LAB) Characteristics of PN junction diode .. Characteristics of zener diode.

3 Characteristics of LED .. Rectifier circuits .. Study of filter circuits .. Clipping circuits (Shunt clippers) .. Clipping circuits (Series clippers) .. Clipping circuits using zener diodes .. Clamping circuits .. Clamping circuits using zener diodes .. CE Characteristics of transistor .. CB Characteristics of transistor .. Characteristics of JFET .. 10456 Electronics Lab Manual Volume Characteristics of MOSFET .. Characteristics of UJT .. Zener diode regulator .. RC integrator .. RC differentiator .. RC low pass filter .. RC high pass filter .. Series resonant circuit .. Parallel resonant circuit .. Characteristics of SCR .. Characteristics of TRIAC.

4 Characteristics of DIAC .. Solved examination questions .. 1353 electronic CIRCUITS Transistor biasing circuits .. RC-coupled amplifier .. Two stage RC-coupled amplifier .. Emitter follower .. Tuned amplifier .. Common source JFET amplifier .. Source follower .. Power amplifier .. Differential amplifier .. Differential amplifier with constant current source .. Cascode amplifier .. RC phase shift oscillator .. RC phase shift oscillator using JFET .. Wien bridge oscillator .. Wien bridge oscillator using JFET .. Hartley and Colpitts oscillators .. Series voltage regulator without feedback .. Series voltage regulator with feedback .. Crystal oscillator.

5 Transistor as a switch .. Bistable multivibrator .. Monostable multivibrator .. Astable multivibrator .. 232 Electronics Lab Manual Volume Gated astable multivibrator .. Schmitt trigger .. Sweep wave generator .. Linear sweep wave generator .. Miller sweep circuit .. Bootstrap sweep circuit .. Current time base generator .. UJT relaxation oscillator .. Feedback amplifiers .. UJT control of SCR .. TRIAC controlled with DIAC .. Controlled full wave rectifier .. Controlled bridge rectifier .. Light activated relay .. LVDT .. CA3028 cascode/differential amplifier .. Voltage controlled oscillator .. 2714 digital Electronics Study of digital ICs and IC trainer kit.

6 TTL characteristics .. Study of combinational circuits .. Half adder and full adder .. Adder and subtractor circuits using 7483 .. Code converters .. Timing circuits using gates .. Timing circuits using 74121 and 74123 .. Flip flops using gates .. Shift registers .. Ring counter and Johnson counter .. Ring counter and Johnson counter using 7495 .. Ring counter and Johnson counter using 74194 .. Asynchronous counters .. Synchronous counters .. Counter ICs .. Magnitude comparator .. Multiplexers using gates .. Demultiplexers using gates .. 3418 Electronics Lab Manual Volume Study of multiplexer ICs .. Logic design using multiplexer ICs .. Study of demultiplexer ICs.

7 Logic design using demux/decoder ICs .. Binary sequence generator .. Sequence detector .. CMOS characteristics .. TTL-CMOS interconnections .. Static display .. Analog to digital converter .. digital to analog converter .. Astable multivibrator using 555 .. Monostable multivibrator using 555 .. Parity generator and checker .. Schmitt trigger using 7414 .. Study of semiconductor memories .. Solved examination questions .. Unsolved examination questions .. 390 Chapter 1 electronic CIRCUITS TRANSISTOR BIASING CIRCUITSAimTo bias a given BJT to work in a desired Quiescent operating point byemploying different biasing and equipments requiredTransistor, dc source, resistors, breadboard, ammeter and BJT must be biased in active operating region to function as an am-plifier.

8 In order to bias a BJT in active operating region, base-emitter junction mustbe forward biased and base-collector junction must be reverse biased. Biasing can bedone with the help of aDCsource and a few resistors. Different methods are used tobias the BJT. The objective of this experiment is to study the effect of the variation ofthe parameters on the operating bias circuitA resistor is used to tie the base of the transistor toVCCforthe fixed bias set up. Saturation conditions are avoided in this bias set up becausethe base-collector junction is no longer reverse biased. Therefore the signal output willnot be distorted. However the stability of the circuit is poor against the bias circuitThe stability of the fixed bias circuit can beimproved significantly by introducing a resistorREin the emitter feedback bias circuitStability can be improved by introducing a feed-back path from collector to base through a resistor.

9 Though Q-point is not completelyindependent of (hFE), current gain of the transistor, sensitivity to changes in ortemperature variations are less than that for fixed bias and emitter-bias divider bias circuitA potential divider resistor networkR1R2provides910 Electronics Lab Manual Volume 1the sufficient voltages across the transistor junctions. This amplifier set up is almostindependent of .R1andR2are designed such that a stable voltage drop exists acrossthem even when the base current varies. For this, current throughR1andR2is assumedto be the same and it is much higher than the base current. ThereforeR2is made muchgreater than the resistance across base and emitter which is (1 + ) emitter Set up the fixed bias circuit after testing the components.

10 Vary only one of theparametersVCC,RC,RBand and enter the updated values in the table. Tochange , use transistor BC177 whose is Repeat the experiments by changing other parameters. Draw the load line on agraph withVCEalong x-axis andICalong Set up other bias circuits one by one. Repeat the experiments by changing oneparameter at a bias circuitVCC12 VRB560 k++-0-10 mA0-10 VAVVCCRCRBVCEIC- DesignSelect transistor BC107 since its ranges from 100 to 500 atIC= 2 mA, as perdata the Q-point beVCE= 6 V, andIC= 2 mA atVCC= 12 RC= 6 this,RC= 3k. Use Lab Manual Volume 1 DesignLet the Q-point beVCE= 6 V, andIC= 2 mA atVCC= 12 acrossRC= 6 V. From this,RC= 3k. Use VBE= 6 V - V = ,VRB=IB RB= V. From this,RB= 265k. Use divider bias VCC12 VR147 kBC107R215 kRE1 kAV++--0-10 mA0-10 VVCCRCVCEIC DesignLet the Q-point beVCE= 6 V, andIC= 2 mA atVCC= 12 voltage acrossRC= 4 V and that acrossRE= 2 RC= 4 V.