ENGINEERING STANDARD FOR PROCESS DESIGN …

1 IPS-E-PR- 440 This STANDARD is the property of Iranian Ministry of Petroleum. All rights are reserved to the owner. Neither whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed to any third party, reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum. ENGINEERING STANDARD FOR PROCESS DESIGN OF PIPING SYSTEMS ( PROCESS PIPING AND PIPELINE SIZING) ORIGINAL EDITION MAR. 1996 This STANDARD specification is reviewed and updated by the relevant technical committee on Aug.

2 2003(1) and Aug. 2012(2). The approved modifications are included in the present issue of IPS. Mar. 1996 IPS-E-PR- 440 1 FOREWORD The Iranian Petroleum standards (IPS) reflect the views of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum and are intended for use in the oil and gas production facilities, oil refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants, gas handling and processing installations and other such facilities. IPS are based on internationally acceptable standards and include selections from the items stipulated in the referenced standards .

3 They are also supplemented by additional requirements and/or modifications based on the experience acquired by the Iranian Petroleum Industry and the local market availability. The options which are not specified in the text of the standards are itemized in data sheet/s, so that, the user can select his appropriate preferences therein. The IPS standards are therefore expected to be sufficiently flexible so that the users can adapt these standards to their requirements. However, they may not cover every requirement of each project.

4 For such cases, an addendum to IPS STANDARD shall be prepared by the user which elaborates the particular requirements of the user. This addendum together with the relevant IPS shall form the job specification for the specific project or work. The IPS is reviewed and up-dated approximately every five years. Each standards are subject to amendment or withdrawal, if required, thus the latest edition of IPS shall be applicable The users of IPS are therefore requested to send their views and comments, including any addendum prepared for particular cases to the following address.

5 These comments and recommendations will be reviewed by the relevant technical committee and in case of approval will be incorporated in the next revision of the STANDARD . standards and Research department , Street14, North kheradmand Karimkhan Avenue, Tehran, Iran . Postal Code- 1585886851 Tel: 88810459-60 & 66153055 Fax: 88810462 Email: standards @ Mar. 1996 IPS-E-PR- 440 2 GENERAL DEFINITIONS Throughout this STANDARD the following definitions shall apply. COMPANY : Refers to one of the related and/or affiliated companies of the Iranian Ministry of Petroleum such as National Iranian Oil Company, National Iranian Gas Company, National Petrochemical Company and National Iranian Oil Refinery And Distribution Company.

6 PURCHASER : Means the Company" where this STANDARD is a part of direct purchaser order by the Company , and the Contractor where this STANDARD is a part of contract document. VENDOR AND SUPPLIER: Refers to firm or person who will supply and/or fabricate the equipment or material. CONTRACTOR: Refers to the persons, firm or company whose tender has been accepted by the company. EXECUTOR : Executor is the party which carries out all or part of construction and/or commissioning for the project. INSPECTOR : The Inspector referred to in this STANDARD is a person/persons or a body appointed in writing by the company for the inspection of fabrication and installation work.

7 SHALL: Is used where a provision is mandatory. SHOULD: Is used where a provision is advisory only. WILL: Is normally used in connection with the action by the Company rather than by a contractor, supplier or vendor. MAY: Is used where a provision is completely discretionary. Mar. 1996 IPS-E-PR- 440 3 CONTENTS : PAGE No. 0. INTRODUCTION .. 5 1. SCOPE .. 6 2. REFERENCES .. 6 3. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY .. 7 4. SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS .. 7 5. UNITS .. 10 PART ONE : PROCESS PIPE SIZING FOR PLANTS LOCATED ONSHORE-SINGLE PHASE 6.

8 GENERAL SIZING CRITERIA .. 11 7. FLUID FLOW .. 11 8. REYNOLDS NUMBER .. 11 9. FRICTION 11 10. FLUID FLOW CALCULATIONS .. 12 11. SINGLE PHASE LIQUID FLOW .. 12 12. FITTINGS AND VALVES .. 13 13. SPECIAL CONDITIONS .. 13 Water Flow .. 13 Pump Suction Lines .. 13 Cooling Water .. 14 Limitations Owing to Erosion Preventive Measures .. 14 Other Matters .. 15 14. SINGLE PHASE GAS FLOW .. 16 A Practical Way to Calculate Gas Flow in Pipeline .. 16 Steam Flow .. 17 Flow Induced Noise .. 17 PART TWO : PROCESS PIPE SIZING FOR PLANTS LOCATED OFFSHORE 15. SCOPE.

9 19 16. SIZING CRITERIA-GENERAL .. 19 17. SIZING CRITERIA FOR LIQUID LINES .. 19 General .. 19 18. PUMP PIPING .. 20 19. SIZING CRITERIA FOR SINGLE-PHASE GAS LINES .. 22 PROCESS Lines .. 22 Compressor Lines .. 23 20. SIZING CRITERIA FOR GAS/LIQUID TWO-PHASE LINES .. 23 Minimum Velocity .. 24 Pressure Drop .. 24 PART THREE : TRANSMISSION PIPELINES FOR: 1) LIQUID 2) GAS 21. SCOPE .. 25 22. SIZING 25 Mar. 1996 IPS-E-PR- 440 4 23. CRUDE OIL PIPELINES .. 25 25. NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS (NGL) PIPELINES .. 26 26. NATURAL GAS PIPELINES .. 26 PART FOUR : TWO PHASE FLOW 27.

10 TWO PHASE FLOW SIZING PROCESS PIPING .. 28 Two-Phase Flow Unit Loss .. 29 28. TWO-PHASE FLOW PATTERNS .. 31 Bubble or Froth Flow .. 31 Plug Flow .. 31 Stratified Flow .. 31 Wave Flow .. 31 Slug Flow .. 31 Annular Flow .. 31 Dispersed Spray or Mist Flow .. 31 29. VELOCITY LIMITATIONS .. 31 30. MAINTAIN THE PROPER REGIME .. 32 31. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS .. 33 APPENDICES : APPENDIX A MOODY FRICTION FACTOR CHART .. 37 Method of Solution .. 38 APPENDIX B RELATIVE ROUGHNESS CHART .. 39 APPENDIX C HAZEN-WILLIAMS COEFFICIENT (FRICTION FACTOR) "C".