Environmental Impact Assessment Process - UNESCO

1 1 R&D in Environmental Impact Assessment for Sustainable development Prof. Dr. Mohamed Saber National Research Center Egypt Outlines of Presentation Role of R & D in Achieving Sustainable development Sustainable development Concepts' EIA as a Tool for Achieving Sustainable development (Egyptian Perspectives) Some Egyptian Successful Stories 2 3 Role of R & D in Achieving Sustainable development R&D definition R & D are a practice predominantly involved in generating and transferring modern technology to end-users R & D are a fashionable realm of scientists, but rather a dual Process requiring broad range of actors, users or stakeholders More importantly, R & D redefine the responsibility of local people from being just recipients and beneficiaries to actors who prompt and provide strategic inputs R & D explore and clarifies null hypothesis, designs.

2 Experimentation and efficiency of performance R & D improve synthesizing and theorizing of all the concepts of sustainable development Now we witness a growing worldwide interest in the use of R & D in achieving sustainable development 4 Main roles of R & D in achieving sustainable development R & D sustain generating, sharing, exchanging, utilizing knowledge and appropriate technology R & D give rise to a wide range of knowledge inventions ranging from technological to socio-institutional R & D shape synergy between local competences, resources and innovations R & D collect diverse sources of knowledge from local to global science R & D necessitate an all-inclusive perspective of both the biophysical and social spheres 5 Relation between R & D and Sustainable development R & D as pool of concepts, practices, norms and attitudes inspire population to improve their knowledge for sustainable development R & D pursue broader and profound participation of user groups in the Process of exploring and improvements in local situations as well as recognizing needs and opportunities R &D are vital in numerous socio-cultural, political, economic dimensions such as community structures, gender, collective action, property rights, power relations.

3 Policy and governance 6 Role of R & D in achieving Sustainable development Respond to problems, needs and opportunities identified by the users Identify and evaluate technology options that are on inherited local knowledge and available resources Ensure that technical innovations are appropriate from local socio- economic , cultural and political contexts Promote wider sharing and use of innovations 7 Role of R & D in achieving Sustainable development R & D phases and activities Assessment and diagnosis Experimenting technology options Studying sustaining local innovations Dissemination and scaling up of innovations Managing R & D for sustainable development includes project development , resource mobilization, data management, monitoring and evaluation, capacity development 8 Conclusions R & D programs reinforcement sustainable development of projects R & D support finding better ways to preserve materials particularly those of critical importance to the nation s cultural hiritage R & D find solutions to complex problems often requires forming interdisciplinary teams, bringing together participants with expertise R & D defend sustainable development by supporting social equating, Environmental conservation and setting feasible economy 9 Sustainable development 10 Environmental conservation or economic development Following the publication of Carson's Silent Spring in 1962.

4 Attention was drew towards the relationship between economic growth and Environmental degradation Arguments started at UN Stockholm conference 1972 without reaching any accepted definition Hot arguments' continued for several years in many following international and regional meeting about the concept of sustainability In 1987 Barbier stated that the goals of Environmental conservation and economic development are not conflicting and could be reinforcing each other. At Rio summit 1992 sustainability was for the first time defined as the development that meets the needs and aspirations of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It envisions a desirable future state for human societies in which living conditions and resource-use continue to meet human needs without undermining the "integrity, stability and beauty" of environment 11 1- Appropriate technology assist and sustain people to meet their developmental needs 2- There are six core indicators for appropriate technology represented by international trade and investment, economic policy, climate change and energy, measurement and Assessment , natural resource management, and communication technologies in sustainable development .

5 3- Integral elements for a sustainable development are R & D and innovation . A telling example for that is the European Environmental research and innovation policy, which aims at defining and implementing a transformative agenda to greening the economy and the society as a whole so to achieve a truly sustainability Core concepts in sustainable development 12 13 EIA as a Tool for Achieving Sustainable development (Egyptian Perspectives) 14 EIA Definition Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) refers to the evaluation of the Environmental impacts likely to raise from any project significantly affecting Environmental quality 15 Basic principles EIA establishes a systematic method for incorporating Environmental and sustainable considerations into decision-making EIA provides the necessary elements to make an informed decision EIA can Modify and improve the project design Ensure efficient resource use to achieve sustainable development Enhance social equity Identify the measures for monitoring and managing Environmental impacts Provide project sustainability 16 Why an EIA?

6 Environment Impact Assessment seeks to: Ensuring that the developmental options under consideration are environmentally, socially and economically sound and sustainable Ensuring that any possibly adverse Environmental consequences are recognized early in the project cycle and are taken into account in the project design Identify ways to improve projects environmentally and minimize or compensate adverse impacts 17 Projects classification In the Egyptian legislations are classified to: White projects include establishments and project with minor adverse Environmental impacts Grey projects includes establishments to be screened for major adverse Environmental impacts. The establishment is categorized by activities, quantity of production and project size.

7 The applicant must carry out a more elaborate Environmental screening (Format A) Black projects includes establishments or projects which due to their potential and sustainable Environmental impacts require a full EIA study. The establishments are screened by activities, quantity of production and project size (Format B) 18 FORMS Environmental Screening Form (A) (General Information) 1- Project title 2- Type of Project ( Residential, Commercial, Tourist, Industrial, Others) 3- Project Developer/applicant Name of Owner & contact person Address Fax No. Phone No. 4- Estimated capital investment 5- Competent Licensing authority 6- New Project or extension of existing project 7- Project phases and expected starting date (Construction) - (Operation) (Future expansion) 8- Brief project description : Production capacity- Raw materials- Sources of Energy) 9- Project Site location Address Total Project area/m2 1O- Any additional information Certification I hereby certify that the information given in accurate and true to the best of my knowledge , and in case of any consequent change, prompt notification will be made to the EEAA.

8 Certified by NO. / PASPORT No. Reference Date 19 Environmental Screening FORM B A- General Information 1- Project title: 2- Type of project: (infrastructure, petroleum and mining, tourism, industrial, etc 3- Name of the owner (individual, company, etc) Name of the person in charge (the responsible person): Address: Telephone No: Fax No: Project budget Competent Administrative Authority New or Extension Project phase and expected starting date: Construction operation - - Future extension 4-Brief project description Project basic feature Objectives Need of justification Basic components technology system 5- Alternatives (Site technology - Design) Similar previous similar studies 6- Location of the project Address of the project: Total area (please attach a map that clearly shows the location of the project in relation to residential areas and neighboring activities.))

9 The map should have a suitable and clear scale and should be approved by the competent administrative authority). 7- A brief description of the construction phases and basic construction methods) (Inputs during construction and operation) In case of industrial projects, raw materials & for other projects, state kind of resources) 20 Inputs of water, energy, and manpower, see table 1 Inputs during construction and operation phases End products (Industrial project): or other outputs (all projects), see table 2. 8- Other information deemed important particularly with regard to safeguarding personnel and environment safety and fire fighting facilities B: Brief description of the environment (baseline information) General area description and most important features (Present infrastructure and services) water- electricity- sewage solid wastes hospitals Fragile or sensitive ecosystems (critical or high valued ecosystems) that are present Description of archeological & historical areas) Description of protected areas Description of recreational & tourist areas Preliminary analysis of impacts 1- Air Quality (potential effects on air quality.

10 (Construction phase - Operation phase Site - Neighboring area - Transboundary 2- Clarify whether projects or sites that are considered sensitive exist nearby the project sites (associates, schools, residential 3- Water Quality Will the activity cause a significant change on the water availability, use, hydrology, drainage, temperature or quality? Are there existing hazard probabilities- explain the type, quantity and Impact Will the activity affect surface water use?: Fisheries .- Tourism & secretion - Other activities))