ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

1 The EPA Administrator, Michael S. Regan, signed the following notice on 2/28/2022, and EPA is submitting it for publication in the Federal Register (FR). While we have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this Internet version of the rule, it is not the official version of the rule for purposes of compliance. Please refer to the official version in a forthcoming FR publication, which will appear on the Government Printing Office's govinfo website ( ) and on ( ) in Docket No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2021-0668. Once the official version of this document is published in the FR, this version will be removed from the Internet and replaced with a link to the official version. 6560-50-P. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY . 40 CFR Parts 52, 75, 78 and 97. [EPA-HQ-OAR-2021-0668; FRL 8670-01-OAR]. RIN 2060-AV51. Federal Implementation Plan Addressing Regional Ozone transport for the 2015 Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard AGENCY : ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA).

2 ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: This action proposes Federal Implementation Plan (FIP) requirements to address twenty-six states' obligations to eliminate significant contribution to nonattainment, or interference with maintenance, of the 2015 ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) in other states. The ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) is proposing this action under the good neighbor or interstate transport provision of the Clean Air Act (CAA. or Act). The AGENCY proposes establishing nitrogen oxides emissions budgets requiring fossil fuel-fired power plants in 25 states to participate in an allowance-based ozone season trading program beginning in 2023. The AGENCY is also proposing to establish nitrogen oxides emissions limitations applicable to certain other industrial stationary sources in 23 states with an earliest possible compliance date of 2026.

3 These industrial source types are: reciprocating internal combustion engines in Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas; kilns in Cement and Cement Product Manufacturing; boilers and furnaces in Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; furnaces in Glass and Glass Product Manufacturing; and high-emitting equipment and large boilers in Basic Chemical Manufacturing, Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing, and Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills. If finalized, these proposed emissions reductions would protect human health and the environment by delivering substantial air quality improvements to reduce summertime ozone levels and high ozone days in downwind areas throughout the continental United States. DATES: Comments must be received on or before 60 days after date of publication in the Federal Register. Public Hearing: The EPA will hold a virtual public hearing on [INSERT DATE 15 DAYS.]

4 AFTER PUBLICATION OF FEDERAL REGISTER NOTICE]. Please refer to the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section for additional information on the public hearing. Information Collection Request (ICR): Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), comments on the information collection provisions are best assured of consideration if the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) receives a copy of your comments on or before [INSERT. DATE 30 DAYS AFTER DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. ADDRESSES: You may send comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2021- 0668; via the Federal eRulemaking Portal: (our preferred method). Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Instructions: All submissions received must include the Docket ID No. for this rulemaking. Comments received may be posted without change to , including any personal information provided. For detailed instructions on sending comments and additional information on the rulemaking process, see the Public Participation heading of the Page 2 of 660.

5 This document is a prepublication version, signed by EPA Administrator, Michael S. Regan on 2/28/2022. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of this document. Out of an abundance of caution for members of the public and our staff, the EPA Docket Center and Reading Room are open to the public by appointment only to reduce the risk of transmitting COVID-19. Our Docket Center staff also continues to provide remote customer service via email, phone, and webform. Hand deliveries and couriers may be received by scheduled appointment only. For further information on EPA Docket Center services and the current status, please visit us online at The virtual public hearing will be held on [INSERT DATE 15 DAYS AFTER DATE OF. PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. The virtual public hearing will convene at 10:00 Eastern Time (ET) and will conclude at 7:00 ET.

6 The EPA may close a session 15 minutes after the last pre-registered speaker has testified if there are no additional speakers. For information or questions about the public hearing, please contact Ms. Holly DeJong at The EPA will announce further details at Refer to the SUPPLEMENTARY. INFORMATION section for additional information. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ms. Elizabeth Selbst, Air Quality Policy Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (C539-01), ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY , 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; telephone number: (919)-541-3918; email address: SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Preamble Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations The following are abbreviations of terms used in the preamble. 2016v1 2016 Version 1 Emissions Modeling Platform Page 3 of 660. This document is a prepublication version, signed by EPA Administrator, Michael S.

7 Regan on 2/28/2022. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version. 2016v2 2016 Version 2 Emissions Modeling Platform 4-Step Framework 4-Step Interstate transport Framework ACS American Community Survey AEO Annual Energy Outlook AQAT Air Quality Assessment Tool AQM TSD Air Quality Modeling Technical Support Document BACT Best Available Control Technology BPT Benefit Per Ton CAA or Act Clean Air Act CAIR Clean Air Interstate Rule CBI Confidential Business Information CCR Coal Combustion Residual CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CEMS Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems CES Clean Energy Standards CHP Combined Heat and Power CMDB Control Measures Database CMV Commercial Marine Vehicle CoST Control Strategy Tool CPT Cost Per Ton CSAPR Cross-State Air Pollution Rule EGU Electric Generating Unit EIA Energy Information AGENCY EISA Energy Independence and Security Act ELG Effluent Limitation Guidelines EO

8 Executive Order EPA or the AGENCY United States ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY FFS Finding of Failure to Submit FIP Federal Implementation Plan GIS Geographic Information System Page 4 of 660. This document is a prepublication version, signed by EPA Administrator, Michael S. Regan on 2/28/2022. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version. HDGHG Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Standards for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles HEDD High Electricity Demand Days ICI Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional I/M Inspection and Maintenance IPM Integrated Planning Model LNB Low- NOX Burners MJO Multi-Jurisdictional Organization MOVES Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator MSAT2 Mobile Source Air Toxics Rule MWC Municipal Waste Combustor NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NAICS North American Industry Classification System NEEDS National Electric Energy Data System NEI National Emissions Inventory NESHAP National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants No SISNOSE No Significant Economic Impact on a Substantial Number of Small Entities Non-EGU Non-Electric Generating Unit NOX Nitrogen Oxides NSPS New Source Performance Standard NREL National Renewable Energy Lab NTTAA National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act OFA Over-Fire Air OMB United States Office of Management and Budget OSAT/APCA Ozone Source Apportionment

9 Technology/Anthropogenic Precursor Culpability Analysis OTC Ozone transport Commission OTR Ozone transport Region OTSA Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Area PEMS Predictive Emissions Monitoring Systems Page 5 of 660. This document is a prepublication version, signed by EPA Administrator, Michael S. Regan on 2/28/2022. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version. Fine Particulate Matter ppb parts per billion ppm parts per million ppmvd parts per million by volume, dry PRA Paperwork Reduction Act RACT Reasonably Available Control Technology RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act RICE Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines ROP Rate of Progress RPS Renewable Portfolio Standards RRF Relative Response Factor SAFE Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient Vehicles Rule SAFETEA Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient, Transportation Equity Act SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction SIP State Implementation Plan SMOKE Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions SNCR Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction SO2 Sulfur Dioxide tpd ton per day TSD Technical Support Document UMRA Unfunded Mandates Reform Act VMT Vehicle Miles Traveled VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds WRAP Western Regional Air Partnership WRF Weather Research and Forecasting Table of Contents I.

10 Executive Summary A. Purpose of Regulatory Action 1. Emissions Limitations for EGUs Established by the Proposed Rule Page 6 of 660. This document is a prepublication version, signed by EPA Administrator, Michael S. Regan on 2/28/2022. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version. 2. Emissions Limitations for Non-EGU Stationary Point Sources Established by the Proposed Rule 3. Proposed Error Correction for Previously Approved 2015 Ozone transport SIP. 4. Request for Comment on All Aspects of the Proposal B. Summary of the Major Provisions of the Regulatory Action C. Benefits and Costs II. Public Participation A. Written Comments B. Submitting Confidential Business Information C. Participation in Virtual Public Hearing III. General Information A. Does this action apply to me? B. What action is the AGENCY taking?