Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016 [FR328]

1 EthiopiaDemographic and Health Survey2016 Ethiopia 2016 Demographic and Health Survey FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF Ethiopia Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016 Central Statistical Agency Addis Ababa, Ethiopia The DHS Program ICF Rockville, Maryland, USA July 2017 ETHIOPIANS AND AMERICANSIN PARTNERSHIP TO FIGHT HIV/AIDSThe 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (2016 EDHS) was implemented by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) from January 18, 2016, to June 27, 2016. The funding for the 2016 EDHS was provided by the government of Ethiopia , the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the government of the Netherlands, the Global Fund, Irish Aid, the World Bank, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the United Nations Children s Fund (UNICEF), and UN Women.

2 ICF provided technical assistance through The DHS Program, a USAID-funded project providing support and technical assistance in the implementation of population and Health surveys in countries worldwide. Additional information about the 2016 EDHS may be obtained from the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia , Box 1143, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; Telephone +251-111-55-30-11/111-15 78-41; Fax: +251-111-55-03-34; E-mail: Information about The DHS Program may be obtained from ICF, 530 Gaither Road, Suite 500, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Telephone: +1-301-407-6500; Fax: +1-301-407-6501; E-mail: Internet: Cover photo Colorful Baskets in Addis Market 2005 Philip Kromer. Used under Creative Commons Generic license. Recommended citation: Central Statistical Agency (CSA) [ Ethiopia ] and ICF.

3 2016. Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia , and Rockville, Maryland, USA: CSA and ICF. Contents iii CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES .. ix FOREWORD .. xix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .. xxi ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ..xxiii READING AND UNDERSTANDING TABLES FROM THE 2016 Ethiopia Demographic AND Health Survey (EDHS) .. xxv 1 INTRODUCTION AND Survey METHODOLOGY .. 1 Survey Objectives .. 1 Sample Design .. 2 Questionnaires .. 2 Anthropometry, Anaemia Testing, and HIV Testing .. 3 Height and Weight Measurement .. 3 Anaemia Testing .. 4 HIV Testing .. 4 Pretest .. 5 Training of Field Staff .. 6 Fieldwork .. 6 Data Processing .. 6 Response Rates .. 7 2 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS AND HOUSEHOLD POPULATION.

4 9 Drinking Water Sources and Treatment .. 9 Sanitation .. 10 Exposure to Smoke inside the Home .. 11 Other Housing Characteristics .. 11 Household Durable Goods .. 11 Household Wealth .. 11 Hand Washing .. 12 Household Population and Composition .. 12 Children s Living Arrangements and Parental Survival .. 13 Birth Registration .. 13 Education .. 14 Educational Attainment .. 14 School Attendance .. 15 Other Measures of School Attendance .. 15 Injury and Accidents .. 17 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS .. 33 Basic Background Characteristics of Survey Respondents .. 33 Education and Literacy .. 34 Mass Media Exposure and Internet Usage .. 35 Employment.

5 36 Occupation .. 37 Type of Women s Employment .. 38 Health Insurance Coverage .. 38 Tobacco Use .. 38 iv Contents Alcohol Consumption .. 39 Chewing Chat .. 39 4 MARRIAGE AND SEXUAL ACTIVITY .. 65 Marital Status .. 65 Polygyny .. 66 Age at First Marriage .. 67 Age at First Sexual Intercourse .. 67 Recent Sexual Activity .. 68 5 FERTILITY .. 77 Current Fertility .. 77 Children Ever Born and Living .. 79 Birth Intervals .. 79 Insusceptibility to Pregnancy .. 80 Age at First Birth .. 81 Teenage Childbearing .. 81 6 FERTILITY PREFERENCES .. 91 Desire for Another Child .. 91 Ideal Family Size .. 92 Fertility Planning Status .. 93 Wanted Fertility Rates.

6 94 7 FAMILY PLANNING .. 103 Contraceptive Knowledge and Use .. 103 Source of Modern Contraceptive Methods .. 106 Informed Choice .. 106 Discontinuation of Contraceptives .. 107 Knowledge of the Fertile Period .. 107 Demand for Family Planning .. 107 Decision Making about Family Planning .. 109 Future Use of Contraception .. 109 Exposure to Family Planning Messages in the Media .. 109 Contact of Nonusers with Family Planning Providers .. 109 8 INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY .. 123 Infant and Child Mortality .. 124 Biodemographic Risk Factors .. 125 Perinatal Mortality .. 125 High-risk Fertility Behaviour .. 126 9 MATERNAL Health CARE .. 133 Antenatal Care Coverage and Content.

7 134 Skilled Providers .. 134 Timing and Number of ANC Visits .. 134 Components of ANC .. 135 Protection against Neonatal Tetanus .. 135 Delivery Services .. 136 Institutional Deliveries .. 136 Skilled Assistance during Delivery .. 138 Delivery by Caesarean Section .. 138 Postnatal Care .. 139 Postnatal Health Check for Mothers .. 139 Contents v Postnatal Health Check for Newborns .. 140 Obstetric Fistula .. 141 Problems in Accessing Health Care .. 141 10 CHILD Health .. 161 Birth Weight .. 161 Vaccination of 162 Uptake of the Newly Introduced Vaccines .. 163 Vaccination Card Ownership and Availability .. 165 Health Facility Visit .. 165 Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infection.

8 165 Fever .. 166 Diarrhoeal Disease .. 167 Prevalence of Diarrhoea .. 167 Feeding Practices .. 167 Oral Rehydration Therapy and Other Treatments for Diarrhoea .. 168 Knowledge of ORS Packets .. 169 Treatment of Childhood Illnesses .. 169 Disposal of Children s Stools .. 169 11 NUTRITION OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS .. 187 Nutritional Status of Children .. 187 Measurement of Nutritional Status among Young Children .. 188 Data Collection .. 189 Levels of Child Malnutrition .. 189 Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices .. 190 Breastfeeding .. 190 Median Duration of Breastfeeding .. 193 Complementary Feeding .. 193 Minimum Acceptable Diet .. 194 Anaemia Prevalence in Children.

9 195 Micronutrient Intake and Supplementation among 197 Presence of Iodised Salt in Households .. 197 Adults Nutritional Status .. 198 Nutritional Status of Women .. 198 Nutritional Status of Men Age 15-49 Years .. 199 Anaemia Prevalence in 200 Anaemia Prevalence in Women .. 200 Anaemia Prevalence in Men .. 200 Micronutrient Intake among Mothers .. 201 12 HIV/AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIOUR .. 219 Background Information on HIV and AIDS in Ethiopia .. 219 HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Transmission, and Prevention Methods .. 219 Knowledge about Mother-to-Child Transmission .. 220 Discriminatory Attitudes towards People Living with HIV .. 221 Multiple Sexual Partners.

10 222 Paid Sex .. 223 Coverage of HIV Testing Services .. 224 Awareness of HIV Testing Services and Experience with HIV Testing .. 224 HIV Testing of Pregnant Women .. 225 Male Circumcision .. 225 Self-reporting of Sexually Transmitted Infections .. 226 vi Contents HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge and Behaviour among Young People .. 226 Knowledge .. 226 First Sex .. 227 Premarital Sex .. 227 Multiple Sexual Partners .. 228 Coverage of HIV Testing Services .. 228 Coverage of HIV Testing Services among Children .. 228 13 ADULT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY .. 249 Sibling History Data .. 249 Direct Estimates of Adult Mortality .. 250 Direct Estimates of Pregnancy-Related Mortality.