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Feedlotting Cattle
requiring a great deal of time monitoring feed quality and costs of ingredients. 3. The daily running of a feedlot is the major task of the feedlot manager. This includes care that feed bins are full all the time, that fresh water is available to the livestock continuously, that animals are processed and adapted on arrival and that animals are
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PLANT POPULATIONS & PLANT SPACINGS
www.kzndard.gov.zaPlant spacing, on the other hand, refers to the ARRANGEMENT of plants on the area planted. Example: Widely varying plant spacings such as 1 000 mm x 10 mm, 500 mm x 20 mm and 100 mm x 100 mm, all give a plant population of 100 plants per square metre. Question: What is the optimum population or spacing for a specific vegetable crop?
Sunflower Production - Concise GuideA
www.kzndard.gov.zainfiltration as well as to prevent wind and water erosion. Sunflower is usually cultivated in rotation with maize or sorghum and benefits from the dense mulches of these crops. Mulches protect the soil against the impact of raindrops, which seals the surface and reduces the infiltration rate but may enhance some other pests.
WATER REQUIREMENTS AND IRRIGATION
www.kzndard.gov.zaTotal irrigation in an intensive vegetable enterprise requires about 8 000 000 l ( 8 000 m3) of water per annum for each hectare worked. This quantity will be lower in cool, moist areas, especially under drip irrigation, and appreciably higher in hot, dry areas, where less efficient flood irrigation is practised.
The Beef Carcass Classification System
www.kzndard.gov.zaCarcass grading implies that different carcass grades are graded in order of merit, from the most preferred to the least preferred grades. This system assumes that all buyers have the same preferences and needs in terms of carcass characteristics. With carcass classification,
FRUIT AND NUT PRODUCTION IN KZN - kzndard.gov.za
www.kzndard.gov.zaplanting date. Tropical and subtropical fruit trees may be planted at any time of the year but the best time is August to September after the last frosts. Mid summer should be avoided. Bananas are an exception as planting time is critical to when the plants throw their bunches.
PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF LUCERNE
www.kzndard.gov.zaLucerne exhibits autotoxicity. In other words lucerne plants produce a chemical(s) which suppress the germination and growth of lucerne seedlings. Therefore, it is recommended that alfalfa fields be rotated with other species (for example, corn) before reseeding. A rotation of 5 years is advised between lucerne crops.
TOMATO - kzndard.gov.za
www.kzndard.gov.zaThe tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., belongs to the family Solanaceae. Other useful members of this family include bell (or sweet) pepper, chilli, cape gooseberry, eggplant, pepino and potato. Several important weeds, such as the thorn apples ("stinkblaar"), apple ... yield per unit of time is often greater than from indeterminate types (a ...
Dairy Herd Structure / Dairy Herd Dynamics
www.kzndard.gov.zathe interactions between these factors in the life of the dairy cow and dairy herd will be examined in some detail. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS Culling Rate (S) The percentage of cows culled per year. This is usually 25 to 30% of the herd. In other words, in a herd of 100 cows only 70 to 75 of the cows will remain in the herd after one year.
POULTRY ABATTOIR HANDOUT - kzndard.gov.za
www.kzndard.gov.zaTARIFFS/FEES – VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH . In keeping with a tariff structure laid down by the National Government, the Kwazulu-Natal Treasury has been compelled to introduce the following tariffs/fees with immediate effect: 1. CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION: Red Meat Abattoirs R390.00 Poultry/Rabbit Abattoirs R390.00
VELD MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES
www.kzndard.gov.zalack thereof) affects the roots – root biomass, root depth and the quantity of new roots that develop. Roots are important for accessing moisture and ... High performance grazing is a strategy that enables ... D.D. et al., 2008. Synthesis Paper : Rotational Grazing on Rangelands : Reconciliation of Perception and Experimental Evidence ...
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Rural Drinking Water: Private Wells Or Public Water Supply?
agwt.orgthe community water systems have ground water as a source. Of the 140,000 small Non-community Systems (less than 25 people), 97% use ground water. In addition to those using public water supplies, 40 million Americans obtain their drinking water from 15 million private wells. WATER QUALITY What Can Threaten Supplies?
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY INDICATORS
scecoinstitute.comSummary of Water Quality Indicators-Surface Waters Page 5 Phosphorus Phosphorus (P), like nitrogen (N, found in ammonia, nitrite, nitrate), is an ... runoff from animal feedlots, storm water, and certain industrial wastewaters. Phosphorus in the Red River The limits for phosphorus in water set by the North Dakota Department of Health (NDDH) and ...
NITRATE/ NITRITE FACT SHEET - Water Quality Association
www.wqa.orgespecially from feedlots. The primary inorganic nitrates which may contaminate drinking water are potassium nitrate and ... passed the water treatment educational program with the Water Quality Association and continue their education with recertification every 3 years.
14. Water reticulation system - Meat & Livestock Australia
www.mla.com.au• supply fresh, cool, clean palatable and high quality drinking water to the cattle. Mandatory requirements Compliance with • Australian Animal Standards and Guidelines for Cattle (DAFF, 2013). • National Guidelines for Beef Cattle Feedlots in Australia (MLA, 2012a). These state that a feedlot requires a secure water supply,
CATTLE STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES BEEF FEEDLOTS …
www.animalwelfarestandards.net.auControl of production to meet market quality requirements Emergency/drought feeding. These varying reasons for the feeding cattle within feedlots influence the quantity and composition of nutrition provided to the animals. Cattle held within a beef feedlot are provided with their entire dietary and water requirements by the feedlot operator.
Chapter 2 - WATER QUALITY - World Health Organization
www.who.intChapter 2 - WATER QUALITY This chapter was prepared by M. Meybeck, E. Kuusisto, A. Mäkelä and E. Mälkki “Water quality” is a term used here to express the suitability of water to sustain various uses or processes. Any particular use will have certain requirements for …
Where Does California’s Water Come From?
www.nature.orgmanaged feedlots, golf courses, agricultural fields, and suburban lawns can pollute water bodies and contaminate drinking water sources (Foley et al. 2005). To assess the susceptibility of water sources to pollution and contamination related to
Beef Feedlot Management Guide - United States Agency for ...
pdf.usaid.govtures of Iraq. Poor-quality water - including contamination by feed, dust, and feces - leads to a reduction in water intake, and slower rates of gain. Water troughs should be placed in a separate area away from the hay racks and feed troughs. Raise them about 70cm above the ground with a 3m cement base on the ground around the trough.