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Dairy Herd Structure / Dairy Herd Dynamics
the interactions between these factors in the life of the dairy cow and dairy herd will be examined in some detail. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS Culling Rate (S) The percentage of cows culled per year. This is usually 25 to 30% of the herd. In other words, in a herd of 100 cows only 70 to 75 of the cows will remain in the herd after one year.
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PLANT POPULATIONS & PLANT SPACINGS
www.kzndard.gov.zaPlant spacing, on the other hand, refers to the ARRANGEMENT of plants on the area planted. Example: Widely varying plant spacings such as 1 000 mm x 10 mm, 500 mm x 20 mm and 100 mm x 100 mm, all give a plant population of 100 plants per square metre. Question: What is the optimum population or spacing for a specific vegetable crop?
Sunflower Production - Concise GuideA
www.kzndard.gov.zainfiltration as well as to prevent wind and water erosion. Sunflower is usually cultivated in rotation with maize or sorghum and benefits from the dense mulches of these crops. Mulches protect the soil against the impact of raindrops, which seals the surface and reduces the infiltration rate but may enhance some other pests.
The Beef Carcass Classification System
www.kzndard.gov.zaCarcass grading implies that different carcass grades are graded in order of merit, from the most preferred to the least preferred grades. This system assumes that all buyers have the same preferences and needs in terms of carcass characteristics. With carcass classification,
FRUIT AND NUT PRODUCTION IN KZN - kzndard.gov.za
www.kzndard.gov.zaplanting date. Tropical and subtropical fruit trees may be planted at any time of the year but the best time is August to September after the last frosts. Mid summer should be avoided. Bananas are an exception as planting time is critical to when the plants throw their bunches.
PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF LUCERNE
www.kzndard.gov.zaLucerne exhibits autotoxicity. In other words lucerne plants produce a chemical(s) which suppress the germination and growth of lucerne seedlings. Therefore, it is recommended that alfalfa fields be rotated with other species (for example, corn) before reseeding. A rotation of 5 years is advised between lucerne crops.
TOMATO - kzndard.gov.za
www.kzndard.gov.zaThe tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., belongs to the family Solanaceae. Other useful members of this family include bell (or sweet) pepper, chilli, cape gooseberry, eggplant, pepino and potato. Several important weeds, such as the thorn apples ("stinkblaar"), apple ... yield per unit of time is often greater than from indeterminate types (a ...
Feedlotting Cattle
www.kzndard.gov.zarequiring a great deal of time monitoring feed quality and costs of ingredients. 3. The daily running of a feedlot is the major task of the feedlot manager. This includes care that feed bins are full all the time, that fresh water is available to the livestock continuously, that animals are processed and adapted on arrival and that animals are
WATER REQUIREMENTS AND IRRIGATION
www.kzndard.gov.zaTotal irrigation in an intensive vegetable enterprise requires about 8 000 000 l ( 8 000 m3) of water per annum for each hectare worked. This quantity will be lower in cool, moist areas, especially under drip irrigation, and appreciably higher in hot, dry areas, where less efficient flood irrigation is practised.
POULTRY ABATTOIR HANDOUT - kzndard.gov.za
www.kzndard.gov.zaTARIFFS/FEES – VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH . In keeping with a tariff structure laid down by the National Government, the Kwazulu-Natal Treasury has been compelled to introduce the following tariffs/fees with immediate effect: 1. CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION: Red Meat Abattoirs R390.00 Poultry/Rabbit Abattoirs R390.00
VELD MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES
www.kzndard.gov.zalack thereof) affects the roots – root biomass, root depth and the quantity of new roots that develop. Roots are important for accessing moisture and ... High performance grazing is a strategy that enables ... D.D. et al., 2008. Synthesis Paper : Rotational Grazing on Rangelands : Reconciliation of Perception and Experimental Evidence ...
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www.nrcs.usda.govherd performance objectives. Many factors affect the requirements of animals and the extent of nutrient utilization. The effect of genotype, physiological state, and environment on voluntary feed consumption is mediated by the animals’ metabolism, and consump-tion is generally dependent upon diet. When animals take in food of plant origin ...
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