FEM

1 (E)1 . GeneralThecalculationsmustbeincompliance withacceptedrulesofstatics,dynamics, , ,dimensions,andcross' , ~ permissiblestressesconcerningA,B,andC :mainloads, :-Deadloads,-liftedloads(liftingcarriage deadweightandweightoftheloadunit),-horiz ontalforcesofinertiaproducedbydriveunits , :Forcesduetorunningaskew,-effectsduetote mperature,-loads'onwalkways,stairs,platf orms, :-Bufferforces,-testloads, , Theliftedloadscomprisetheweightoftheload unitandthedeadweightofassembliesreceivin gtheloadunitsuchastelescopicloadforkandr ollertable,thedead-weightoftheliftingcar riage,andtheproportionateshareoftheweigh toftheloadsupportingmeanssuchasropes,cha ins,etc.

2 ' "l{Jand,.Iiftedloadcoefficients"1/1.~. {JThedeadloadsofSiRmachinesinmotion( )a'ndthecorrespondingstressresultantsors tressesshallbemultipliedbya deadloadcoefficientl{ { ' SiRmachinerunningonspring loaded,plastic, {J= :a)TravelspeedUt=125m/min,l{J= )TravelspeedUt=50m/min,l{J= , lifted-loadcoefficient1/1accord) ;itisthesmallerthemoreflexiblehoistunita ndstructureandthelowerandmore'Continuedo npages2to5 FederationEuropeennedelaManutentionCOP, (El,French(F),German([)l,Italian(I); ,andC2aredeterminedfromtheinitialconditi ons:Y(O)=0 Page2 ,H2,andH3, (O).ac,x 0+c2- -w2o=wxc,-C2X 0c,oLiftingLiftedloadcoefficientI/JAvera gemainhoistclassforaliftingspeedVH.]}}}} }}}

3 'accelerationofupto90mlmin aminm/s2 Thus,theoscillationequationis:o xsinwt+~ ) (t)=~x(coswt-1)orw2x(coswt-1) + + + ~ ~ > ')Y(t)dynamicdeformationl! :mdynamicequivalentmassoftheflexiblemass escspringconstantofthestructureameandece leration(acceleration) ~(pathofacceleration)taperiodofdecelerat ion(periodofacceleration)Ytt) ,lifting, ,the"quasistatic"forcesaffectingthestruc turemaybemultipliedbythecoefficientSw,th e"quasistatic"forcesbeingthosewhichresul twhencon,sideringthesystem' , ~ ,stresses,andstressresult-ansshallbemult ipliedbythedynamicoscillationcoefficient Sw' +2+1lecoswt-1(5)(4)'m/s2aIt-taSOmSac(1)m aximumamplitudeofoscillationduringdecele ration(-)Swmax(2)"quasistatic"meanpositi onduringdeceleration(3)positionofrest(4)

4 "quasistatic"meanpositionduringaccelerat ion(5)maximumamplitudeofoscillationdurin gaceleration. (+)Theintegralfunctionoftheabovedifferen tialequationis:aY(t)c,x sinwt+C2 Xcoswt-w2mji+cxy+mxa=0y+LY+a=0mY+w2Xy.+a =0y+w2xy. =-aw2=~mAssumptions:dampingisignoredcons tantdeceleration(oracceleration)ta>Ta(Ta =naturaloscillatingperiodofthestructure) TheoscillationfunctionY(t)=mCXax (coswt-1)reachesitsmaximumiftheexpressio n(coswt -1)assumesthevalue(-2).Sincethestressest owhichthestructureissubjectedaredirectly proportionaltothedynamicdeformations,the oscillationcoefficientSwmax=2mustbeusedf orfurthercalculationsofdeformations,stre sses,andstress.

5 ,xh,+F2xh2+ {)andt/Jaccordingtosection2, ,thedynamiceffectsofthemassesre-sultingf romstructureflexibilityshallbeassumedtob eappliedtotheindividualcentresofgravity( 5, ).Example':F,horizontaldynamicforceofacc elerationduetotheloadunitandtheweightoft heliftingcarriageF2horizontalforceofdyna micaccelerationduetothedistributedloadof themastF3horizontalforceofdynamicacceler ationduetotheweightofbottomcarriage,trav elmechanismandattachments( ,hoistmechanism,etc.) \~-"-----' :::.F3rnI,s~I' :::.rRlR2 Dependingonthedirectionofacceleration,th edynamicforcesofinertiatendtoincreaseort odecreasethewheelloadsR, ,thestabilityisdefinedasfollows:Stabilit y:v= ~ ;inexceptionalsituations, , (leavingthesafetyclawsoutofcon-sideratio n).}

6 ForSiRmachineswhicharepositivelyprevente dfromtilting( ),thestabilityanalysisisomittedif thenegativewheelloads. , ~ ~n-steelpairs, ' ,duetoforcesofinertia,lateralforcesoccur trans-verselytotherunwaycentreline, ,formgripforcesareproducedwhichactontheg uidingmembers(wheelflangesorguiderollers )ofanSIRmachinebyrunning'askewatananglea ,andfrom :,mLmassoftheloadunitmHmassoftheliftingc arriagemsmassofthemastmemassofbottomcarr iagemAmassoftheattachmentstothebottomcar riageammeanaccelerationF,=(mL+mH)x2x am,F2=. am F3=(me+mAlxam,sinceSwsinceSwsinceSw221 (unsprung)Forthegenerallyacceptedtoleran cesoftravelwheeldiameter,parallelismofth ewheelboreaxesandrun-wayalignment,a linearlawoffrictionforcesappliestothelon gitudinalandtransverseslipoftwotravelwhe elsofferrousmaterialona steelrail:f= (1_e-O,25xa)where:e= :0:0 (forceduetorunningaskew)where:wheelloadd uetodeadloadsandliftedloadwithoutthe' ,~oO:F+~v+0:0+O:s_'10looangleofskewinrel ationtothespacingoftheguidememberswhichg iverisetothefrictionalforces,thesumtotal ofallpossiblemisalignmentstransversetoth erunwaywhentheSiRmachinetakesupa.)

7 Fangleofs~ewduetotheclearancebetweenstra ightrailandformgripguidemembers, " :0~1 iot,angleofskewduetoSIRmachinetolerances O:s~10 +10 Cduringerection,variationsintemperatureo f 35K or,inthecaseofanuneventemperatureriseini ndividualsub-assemblies,variationsof 15K coefficientofelongationO:t=12',10-6mm/mm xK(forsteel) ,a singleliveloadshallbeassumedforplatforms , load150kgforpersonswalkingonitwithouta concentratedliveloadappliedhorizontallyt otheout-sideortotheinsideshallbeassumedf orhandrails, loadand15kgforpersonswithouta ' ,whichoccurwhenSIRmachinesimpactagainstr unwaystops,shallbelimitedbypro-vidingade qu!

8 ,bufferforcesFpshallbedeterminedforSIRma chinesonthebasisof100%nominaltravelspeed .,Ifautomaticmeans2)ensurea reductionofthetravelspeed;therequiredwor kingcapacityofthebuffersforenergydissipa tionandthemaximumbufferforcesFpmaybecalc ulatedtakingthethenfastestpossibletravel speed,butatleast70%ofthenominalspeed, 'mxv2 Wkin=2 Forananalysisofthebuffersandthestrengtho fthestructuretheforcesduetothemovingmass esofthedeadloadsandoftheguidedliftedload s3)shallbeassumedtobeeffectiveintheirres pectiveleastfavour-ableposition, 'A ,anamountof10% simplifiedanalysisofthestressesinthestru cture,the'bufferendforcesshallbemultipli edbyanoscillationcoefficientselectedfrom table4 ,2)Inthecaseofelectricmeansatleast2 safetydevicesshall' )

9 Themaximumpossiblefrictionforcebetweenlo adunitandloadhandlingaccessoryshallbeass umedfortheloadunitasa ,lifting,lowering,andtravellingofSIRmach inesaretestedbyapplyingthefollowingload: 'testload:Pk= (overstrainingbeyondtheelasticlimit)ando fstabilitythetestloadPkshallbemultiplied bythereducedliftedloadcoefficient,I,'=!. .Jk.''I'2',Theassumedloadmakesit necessarytoproceedasfollowsforapplyingth etestload:Withthetestloadapplied,allmoti onsshallbeindividu-allytestedwithreasona blecareandwiththe' ' speedcontrolledcatchingdevice,thefunctio ntestofthisdeviceiscarriedoutbyapplyingt hecatchloadPk= pay-load.'Thecatchloadshall,bepositioned centrallyontheloadpick-updevice.

10 'Thefollowingtestsshallbecarriedout:1)fu nctiontestoftheoverspeedgovernorbyloweri ngtheliftingcarriageatexcessivespeedorby asimulationofthiscondition;2)'functionte stofthecatchingdevicebymanuallockingofth eoverspeed,governorduringtheloweringmoti on;3)free-fallstoptestoftheliftingcarria gelifteduptogethe~ 'testaccordingto3) "Over-strainingofmaterialsbeyondtheelast iclimit"andB;,Over-strainingofstructures beyondthecriticalbucklingstresses"thecat chloadshallbemultipliedbythein-creasedli ftedloadcoefficientt/J".Forspecifyingthe increasedliftedloadvaluesI/J"it hasbeentakenintoaccountthattheactualspee dfortrippingthecatchingdevicevabconsider ablyexceedsthenominalliftingspeedVH'whic hisespressedbythefollowingequation.