FOREST STOCKING AND YIELD TABLES - USDA

1 Department of AgricultureTechnical GuideNatural Resources Conservation ServiceSection VNorth CarolinaApril 2002 FOREST STOCKING AND YIELD TABLES Hardwood STOCKING Guide and YIELD TABLES Yields Per Acre for Upland Oak Explanation of Hardwood TABLES Potential Yields Per Acre and Estimated STOCKING and Development ( TABLES )-Upland Oaks Doyle & Scribner-Lowland Hardwoods (Oak-Gum) International, Doyle, & Scribner-Tupelos Doyle-Yellow-poplar International & Doyle-Cottonwood International & Doyle-Sweetgum Doyle-Eastern Redcedar International Revision-Shortleaf Pine International & Doyle-Loblolly Pine International, Doyle, Scribner, & Pulpwood-Slash Pine Doyle, Scribner, & Pulpwood-Loblolly Pine-Slash Pine Scribner-Eastern White Pine International & Department of AgricultureTechnical GuideNatural Resources Conservation ServiceSection VNorth CarolinaRev. April 2002 GUIDELINES FOR USING UPLAND HARDWOODS STOCKING GUIDE ANDYIELD TABLESThe oak-hickory FOREST type is the most prevalent of the upland hardwood types.

2 The oaks aremost abundant in this type, usually occupying dominant and co-dominant positions within thestand. The oaks are favored for management in the oak-hickory type as well as being highlyfavored in the other mixed-hardwood types. These guidelines assume intensive management ofwell-stocked stands with periodic thinning. Thinning throughout the rotation will be frombelow, leaving the best crop trees until the final harvest. Individual trees can be grown tolarger diameters in less time by the use of well planned thinning operations, thus producing ahigher quality product in a shorter rotation AND POTENTIAL DIAMETER GROWTH OF SELECTED UPLANDHARDWOOD SPECIESAge of 16 treeAge of 22 treeSpeciesPotentialgrowth rate inmanagedstandUnmanagedStandsManagedStan dsUnmanagedStandsManagedStands(rings per inch)yearsyearsyearsyearsYellow-poplarBl ack Walnut5567764040901045555 Scarlet OakRed Oak66828748481081136666 White AshBlack Oak77909056561191217777 Sugar MapleWhite OakBeech88810411411464646413714615188888 8 HickoryChestnut Oak10101261298080168164110110 Basically, two stand condition classes should be considered.

3 The first assumes the availabilityof even-aged stands of various ages that contain levels of growing stock, which adequatelyoccupy the site. The second condition assumes that growing stock levels are below that whichwould allow the stand to be carried at satisfactory STOCKING and must be regenerated. Becauseof the past high grading cutting practices or wildfires, many upland hardwood stands areunder-stocked with desirable trees, contain many cull trees and need regeneration. SeeSection IV Technical Guide Code 666, FOREST Stand Improvement; and Code 490, FORESTSITE : Gingrich, USDA- FOREST Service, Northeastern FOREST Experiment Station; and Investment, Analysis of Upland Oak Stands, Forestry Report SA-FR12, June 1981, Department of AgricultureTechnical GuideNatural Resources Conservation ServiceSection VNorth CarolinaRev.

4 April 2002 Gingrich s STOCKING guides (below) are used to determine whether existing stands have (1) sufficientbasal area in growing stock trees to carry through rotation, or (2) whether the stands should C level of STOCKING is used as a minimum of basal area required to carry existing stands. Standsat the C level of STOCKING will fully occupy the site in an average of 10 years and are worth would not be carried out unless the STOCKING of desirable trees is above the B level, whichis near 60 percent of full STOCKING . This means that total basal area would need to be substantiallyabove the residual B-level shown on the TABLES for existing stands before thinning to this level wouldbe practical. The key to using this growth and YIELD data is the appraisal of STOCKING conditions andthe use of subsequent cultural treatments to maximize growth and quality of growing stock trees, andthus maximize rates of returns from investments.

5 This depends on the skill of the user in classifyinggrowing stock trees and stand conditions. Do not count cull trees or unacceptable species in standards used to determine growing stock trees are critical. The time to begin thinning inyoung stands is also important because early investments must be carried for a long should be delayed until trees capable of maintaining dominant crown positions can beidentified in the stand. Research indicates that attempts to pre-commercially thin before this naturalselection takes place usually result in wasted money and Department of AgricultureTechnical GuideNatural Resources Conservation ServiceSection VNorth CarolinaRev. April 2002 table per acre for upland oak; First thinning at age 20 Residual StandCut StandAgeBasalAreaAverageTreeDiameterYiel dBasalAreaYieldCumulative total yields(cut stand plus residual stand)YearsSquareFeetInchesCubicFeetCord sBoardFeetSquareFeetCubicFeetCordsBoardF eetCubicFeetCordsBoardFeetSITE INDEX , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,350 SITE INDEX , , , , , , , , , , ,1604, , , , ,0104, ,600 SITE INDEX , ----1, , , 2403, , , , 1,1604, , , , 2,0205, , , , 2,7406, ,880 table per acre for upland oak; No thinningAgeBasalAreaTreesAverageTreeDiam eter 1/YieldsYearsSquare INDEX 5520552, , , , , , , , ,400 SITE INDEX , , , , , , , , , ,200 SITE INDEX 7520701, , , , , , , , , , ,500 1/ The diameter of the tree of average basal Department of AgricultureTechnical GuideNatural Resources Conservation Service section VAll Resource AreasRev.

6 April 2002 EXPLANATIONThe information in these TABLES is generally applicable to well-stocked, managed, upland hardwood stands where various speciesof white oak, red oak, and black oak are the principal index ratings for upland oaks on adapted soils are shown in section II of the technical guide. Information is shown in thesetables for site classes 50, 60, 70, and cycle represents the average number of years required for the leave trees after a periodic cutting, to grow to the nexthigher 2-inch diameter class. The cutting cycles vary by site, as indicated, in this stand diameter is the average diameter in inches of the stand before a periodic cutting. The leave trees at the time ofa periodic cutting, if properly selected, will usually average larger; the cut trees will average stand age is the approximate age of the stand, by site class, at the average diameter in column 1.

7 Proper STOCKING mustbe maintained by periodic cuttings, and improvement cuttings must be started at an early age, to maintain this diameter-age cut is the approximate volume of all merchantable trees in the well-stocked stand at the average stand diameter shown incolumn cut is the volume of leave trees, properly spaced and selected on the basis of species, form and vigor, to remain throughthe next cutting cut is the approximate volume of merchantable trees to be removed from the well-stocked stand to provide proper growingspace for the selected leave trees .Cumulative cut is the estimated total volume harvested through the designated age (the current this cut plus previous cuts).Cumulative YIELD includes the volume of the remaining stand (after cut) as well as the volume harvested (cumulative cut) at thedesignated yearly growth is the average annual increment up to the age shown in column 2.

8 It is obtained by dividing cumulativeyield by stand age . Department of AgricultureTechnical GuideNatural Resources Conservation Service section VAll Resource AreasRev. April 2002 UPLAND HARDWOODSESTIMATED POTENTIAL YIELDS PER ACREWELL-STOCKED EVEN-AGED MANAGED STANDSSITES 50 though 80 Average Volume Per Acre Standards Cords and Board Feet (International) 1/AverageDBH(In.)AverageAge(Yrs.)All TreesLeave TreesCut TreesCumulativeCutCumulativeYieldAverage YearlyGrowthSITE 80 (CUTTING CYCLE 6 YEARS)6810121416182022242430364248546066 728018 CDS24 29 6,400 BF7,900 10,600 12,400 14,400 16,200 17,200 12 CDS17 21 4,900 BF6,300 8,800 10,400 12,200 14,000 ----6 CDS 7 8 1,500 BF1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,000 17,200 6 CDS13 21 1,500 BF3,100 4,900 6,900 9,100 11,200 28,400 18 CDS32 42 6,400 BF9,400 13,700 17,300 21,300 25,200 28,400 150 BF200 250 290 320 350 360 SITE 70 (CUTTING CYCLE 7 YEARS)

9 68101214161820283542495663707718 CDS22 28 6,400 BF7,400 10,000 12,000 13,000 12 CDS15 20 4,900 BF5,900 8,300 10,100 -----6 CDS7 8 1,500 BF1,500 1,700 1,900 13,000 6 CDS13 21 1,500 BF3,000 4,700 6,600 19,600 18 CDS28 41 6,400 BF8,900 13,000 16,700 19,600 130 BF160 210 240 260 SITE 60 (CUTTING CYCLE 8 YEAR)6810121416183240485664728014 CDS22 27 5,500 BF7,000 9,300 10,800 9 CDS16 20 4,200 BF5,600 7,800 -------5 CDS6 7 1,300 BF1,400 1,500 10,800 5 CDS11 18 1,300 2,700 BF4,200 15,000 14 CDS27 38 5,500 BF8,300 12,000 15,000 100 BF130 170 190 SITE 50 (CUTTING CYCLE 9 YEARS)

10 681012141636455463728111 CDS19 26 4,900 BF6,600 8,200 7 CDS14 19 3,700 BF5,300 -------4 CDS5 7 1,200 BF1,200 8,200 4 CDS9 16 1,200 BF2,400 10,60011 CDS23 35 4,900 BF7,700 10,600 80 BF110 130 1/ Adapted from USDA Technical Bulletin 560 by Gingrich, Lloyd, and J. M. Department of AgricultureTechnical GuideNatural Resources Conservation Service section VAll Resource AreasRev. April 2002 UPLAND OAKSESTIMATED POTENTIAL YIELDS PER ACREWELL-STOCKED EVEN-AGED MANAGED STANDS- SITE CLASSES 50, 60, 70, 80 table 1: AGE, VOLUME, AND YEARLY GROWTH 1/Average Volume Per Acre Standard Cords and Board Feet (Doyle) 80 (CUTTING CYCLE 6 YEARS)6810121416182022242430364248546066 728018 CDS24 29 3,500 BF4,700 7,000 9,100 10,900 12,800 14,300 12 CDS17 21 2,700 BF3,700 5,800 7,600 9,300 11,100 6 CDS 7 8 800 BF1,000 1,200 1,500 1,600 1,700 14,300 6 CDS13 21 800 BF1,800 3,000 4,500 6,100 7,800 22,100 18 CDS32 42 3,500 BF5,500 8,800 12,100 15,400 18,900 22,100 80 BF110 160 200 230 260 280 SITE 70 (CUTTING CYCLE 7 YEARS)