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Formulating Rations With the Pearson Square

Formulating Rations With the Pearson Square Fact Sheet No. Livestock Series| Management by J. Wagner and Stanton*. The Pearson Square or box method of nutri ent requirement and the ingredient Quick Facts balanc ing ra tions is a simple procedure that nutrient val ues. has been used for many years. It is of greatest 3. Subtract the nutrient value from the The Pearson Square ration value when only two in gredients are to be nutri tional requirement on the diagonal formulation procedure is mixed. In taking a close look at the Square , and arrive at a nu merical value entitled designed for simple Rations . several numbers are in and around the parts. By summing those parts and divid . Square . Probably one of the more important ing by the total, you can determine the In order for the Square num bers is the number that appears in the per cent of the ration that each ingredient to work, follow specific middle of the Square .

mixed. In taking a close look at the square, several numbers are in and around the square. Probably one of the more important numers is the number that appears in the b middle of the square. This number represents the nutritional requirement of an animal for a specific nutrient. It may be crude protein or TDN, amino acids, minerals or vitamins.

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Transcription of Formulating Rations With the Pearson Square

1 Formulating Rations With the Pearson Square Fact Sheet No. Livestock Series| Management by J. Wagner and Stanton*. The Pearson Square or box method of nutri ent requirement and the ingredient Quick Facts balanc ing ra tions is a simple procedure that nutrient val ues. has been used for many years. It is of greatest 3. Subtract the nutrient value from the The Pearson Square ration value when only two in gredients are to be nutri tional requirement on the diagonal formulation procedure is mixed. In taking a close look at the Square , and arrive at a nu merical value entitled designed for simple Rations . several numbers are in and around the parts. By summing those parts and divid . Square . Probably one of the more important ing by the total, you can determine the In order for the Square num bers is the number that appears in the per cent of the ration that each ingredient to work, follow specific middle of the Square .

2 This number represents should repre sent in order to provide a directions for its use. the nutritional requirement of an animal for specific nutrient level. Al ways subtract on Nutrient contents of a specific nutrient. It may be crude protein or the diagonal within the Square in order ingredients and nu trient TDN, amino acids, minerals or vitamins. to determine parts. Always double check require ments must be calculations to make sure that you did not have a mathematical error. It also is expressed on the same basis very important to work on a uniform ( , dry- matter or as-fed ). basis. Use a 100-percent dry-matter basis for nutrient compo si tion of ingre dients and require ments and then convert to an as-fed basis after the formu lation is calculat ed.

3 Corn represents ( / ) x 100 of In order to make the Square work the ration, or percent. Soybean meal consistently, there are three very important represents ( / ) x 100 of the ration, or considerations: percent. Check of the calculation: 1. The value in the middle of the Square lb corn x CP = must be inter mediate between the two lb SBM x CP = values that are used on the left side of lb mixture contains = lb the Square . For example, the 14 per cent CP, or 14 percent. crude protein requirement has to be inter mediate between the soybean meal that has 45 percent crude protein or the Using More Than corn that has 10 percent crude protein. If Two Ingredients barley is used that has 12 percent crude It is possible to mix more than two protein and corn that has 10 percent ingredients using the Pearson Square .

4 For crude protein, the Square calculation example, to prepare a 15 percent crude method will not work because the 14 protein mixture that consists of a sup plement percent is outside the range of the values of 60 percent soybean meal (45 percent crude on the left side of the Square . protein) and 40 percent corn gluten meal (45. 2. Disregard any negative numbers that are generat ed on the right side of the Square . Be concerned only with the numerical differ ences be tween the Colorado State University Extension. 9/93. Revised 6/12. *. J. Wagner, Colorado State University professor, animal sciences and general manager, Southeastern Colorado Research Center; T. Stanton, former Extension feedlot specialist and professor, animal sciences.)

5 6/2012. percent crude protein), and a grain mixture Table 1. Converting from dry matter to as-fed. of 65 percent corn (9 percent crude pro Ration Ingredient Feed dry-mat ter % dry Ration tein) and 35 percent oats (12 percent crude Composition composition matter Calculations as-fed pro tein), take the follow ing steps. Corn silage 70 35 70/.35 = 200 (200/233) x 100 = Since only two components can be Alfalfa 30 90 30/.90 = 33 (33/233) x 100 = used in the Pearson Square method, the 233. ingredients are combined first as follows: 60% SBM x 45% crude protein = Table 2. Converting from as-fed to dry matter. 40% CGM x 45% = Ration Ingredient Feed dry-mat ter % dry Ration Protein in supplement mixture Composition composition matter Calculations as-fed 65% corn x = Corn silage 65 35 65 = ( ) x 100 = 35% oats x = Alfalfa 35 90 35 = ( ) x 100 = Protein in grain mix parts x 60% = parts SBM methods of expression are on an as-fed basis of any given dry-matter level.

6 For parts x 40% = parts CGM basis or dry-matter basis. Use the following example, if you use a 90-percent dry-matter parts x 65% = parts corn procedure to calculate composition on a basis, use the follow ing calcula tion. Given a parts x 35% = parts oats dry-matter basis. TDN value of 76 per cent and a dry- matter Crude protein value on an as-fed basis content of 86 percent (14 per cent moisture), divided by dry-matter content of the feed what would be the TDN v alue of this feed ( / ) = SBM. times 100 equals the crude-protein content on a 90 percent dry-matter basis? ( / ) = CGM. on a dry-matter basis. If alfalfa hay is used (76 x .90) / .86 = percent TDN on a ( / ) = corn as an example, the crude p rotein value is 17 90 per cent dry-matter basis.

7 ( / ) = oats percent on an as-fed basis. On a dry-matter Check: basis, the crude p rotein value of the hay is lb SBM at 45% CP = lb calculated as fol lows: 17 / (moisture Ration Composition lb CGM at 45% CP = lb content of 9 percent) times 100 equals Calculations lb corn at 9% CP = lb percent crude protein. If you know the dry-matter composition lb oats at 12% CP = lb To determine the total digestible of a specific ration and want to determine lb contains lb or 15% CP nutrient (TDN) content of the above alfalfa what that com position will be on an as-fed on a dry-matter basis, follow the same basis for mixing, make the calculations Expressing Feed procedure: 50 percent (TDN value on an shown in Table 1.)

8 As-fed basis) divided by (dry-matter Conversely, if you know the as-fed . Composition content of the feed) times 100 equals composition of the ration and the dry The crude-protein value of a feed or the percent TDN on a dry-matter basis. matter of each ingredient, determine the per cent age of any other component ( , Likewise, the crude-protein content or the ration dry-matter compo sition as shown in calcium or phospho rus) can be expressed TDN value also can be expressed on the Table 2. several ways. The two most common Colorado State University, Department of Agriculture and Colorado counties cooperating. CSU Extension programs are available to all without discrimination. No endorsement of products mentioned is intended nor is criticism implied of products not mentioned.


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