fpfM+;k dh cPph - NCERT

1 fpfM+;k dh cPph67fpfM+;k dh cPph konkl us viuh laxejej dh u;h dksBh cuokbZ gSA mlosQ lkeuscgqr lqgkouk cxhpk Hkh yxok;k gSA mudks dyk ls cgqr izse gSA ku dh deh ugha gS vkSj dksbZ O;lu Nw ugha x;k gSA lqanjvfHk#fp osQ vkneh gSaA iwQy&ikS ks] jdkfc;ksa ls gkS kksa esa yxs iQOokjksa esamNyrk gqvk ikuh mUgsa cgqr vPNk yxrk gSA le; Hkh muosQ ikl dkI+kQh gSA'kke dks tc fnu dh xjeh <y tkrh gS vkSj vkleku dbZ jax dk gks tkrkgS rc dksBh osQ ckgj pcwrjs ij r[r Myokdj elun osQ lgkjs og xyhpsij cSBrs gSa vkSj iz fr dh NVkfugkjrs gSaA buesa ekuks muosQ eu dksr`fIr feyrh gSA fe=k gq, rks mulsfouksn&ppkZ djrs gSa] ugha rks iklj[ks gq, iQ'khZ gqDosQ dh lVd dkseq g esa fn, [k;ky gh [k;ky esala ;k dks LoIu dh Hkk fr xq kkjnsrs gSaAvkt oqQN&oqQN ckny FksA ?kVkxgjh ugha FkhA kwi dk izdk'k muesals Nu&Nudj vk jgk FkkA ek konklelun osQ lgkjs cSBs FksA mUgsa knxhesa D;k Lokn ugha feyk gS\ ij thHkjdj Hkh oqQN [kkyh lk jgrk gSA9ek2022-23olar hkkx &268ml fnu la ;k le; muosQ ns[krs&ns[krs lkeus dh xqykc dh Mkyh ij ,dfpfM+;k vku cSBhA fpfM+;k cgqr laqnj FkhA mldh xjnu yky Fkh vkSj xqykchgksrs&gksrs fdukjksa ij kjk& kjk uhyh iM+ xbZ FkhA ia[k ij ls pednkj L;kgFksA mldk uUgk lk flj rks cgqr I;kjk yxrk Fkk vkSj 'kjhj ij fp=k&fofp=kfp=kdkjh FkhA fpfM+;k dks ekuks ek konkl dh l kk dk oqQN irk ugha Fkk vkSjekuks rfud nsj dk vkjke Hkh mls ugha pkfg, FkkA dHkh ij fgykrh Fkh] dHkhiqQndrh FkhA og [kwc [kq'k ekywe gksrh FkhA viuh uUgh lh pksap lsI;kjh&I;kjh vkok k fudky jgh FkhAek konkl dks og fpfM+.]]]]]]]

2 K cM+h euekuh yxhA mldh LoPNanrk cM+h I;kjhtku iM+rh FkhA oqQN nsj rd og ml fpfM+;k dk bl Mky ls ml MkyfFkjduk ns[krs jgsA bl le; og viuk cgqr&oqQN Hkwy x,A mUgksaus mlfpfM+;k ls dgk] vkvks] rqe cM+h vPNh vkb A ;g cxhpk rqe yksxksa osQ fcuklwuk yxrk gSA lquks fpfM+;k rqe [kq'kh ls ;g le>ks fd ;g cxhpk eSaus rqEgkjsfy, gh cuok;k gSA rqe cs[kVosQ ;gk vk;k djksA fpfM+;k igys rks vlko kku jghA fiQj tkudj fd ckr mlls dh tk jghgS] og ,dk,d rks ?kcjkbZA fiQj ladksp dks thrdj cksyh] eq>s ekywe ughaFkk fd ;g cxhpk vkidk gSA eSa vHkh pyh tkrh gw A iyHkj lk l ysus eSa ;gk fVd xbZ FkhA ek konkl us dgk] gk ] cxhpk rks esjk gSA ;g laxejej dh dksBh Hkh esjhgSA ysfdu] bl lcdks rqe viuk Hkh le> ldrh gksA lc oqQN rqEgkjk gSA rqeoSQlh Hkksyh gks] oSQlh I;kjh gksA tkvks ugha] cSBksA esjk eu rqels cgqr [kq'kgksrk gSA fpfM+;k cgqr&oqQN loqQpk xbZA mls cks k gqvk fd ;g mlls xyrh rks ughagqbZ fd og ;gk cSB xbZ gSA mldk fFkjduk #d x;kA Hk;Hkhr&lh og cksyh] eSa Fkddj ;gk cSB xbZ FkhA eSa vHkh pyh tkm QxhA cxhpk vkidk gSA eq>sekI+kQ djsa!

3 2022-23fpfM+;k dh cPph69ek konkl us dgk] esjh Hkksyh fpfM+;k ] rqEgsa ns[kdj esjk fp k iziqQfYyrgqvk gSA esjk egy Hkh lwuk gSA ogk dksbZ Hkh pgpgkrk ugha gSA rqEgsa ns[kdj esjhjkxfu;ksa dk th cgysxkA rqe oSQlh I;kjh gks] ;gk gh rqe D;ksa u jgks\ fpfM+;k cksyh] eSa ek osQ ikl tk jgh gw ] lwjt dh kwi [kkus vkSj gok ls[ksyus vkSj iwQyksa ls ckr djus eSa kjk ?kj ls mM+ vkbZ Fkh] vc lk > gks xbZ gS vkSjek osQ ikl tk jgh gw A vHkh&vHkh eSa pyh tk jgh gw A vki lksp u djsaA ek konkl us dgk] I;kjh fpfM+;k ] ixyh er cuksA ns[kks] rqEgkjs pkjksa rjI+kQoSQlh cgkj gSA ns[kks] og ikuh [ksy jgk gS] m kj xqykc g l jgk gSA Hkhrj egyesa pyks] tkus D;k&D;k u ikvksxh! esjk fny ohjku gSA ogk dc g lh lquus dksfeyrh gS\ esjs ikl cgqr lk lksuk&eksrh gSA lksus dk ,d cgqr laqnj ?

4 Kj eSa rqEgsacuk nw xk] eksfr;ksa dh >kyj mlesa yVosQxhA rqe eq>s [kq'k j[kukA vkSj rqEgsa D;kpkfg,! ek osQ ikl crkvks D;k gS\ rqe ;gk gh lq[k ls jgks] esjh HkksyhxqfM+;kA fpfM+;k bu ckrksa ls cgqr Mj xbZA og cksyh] eSa HkVddj rfud vkjkeosQ fy, bl Mkyh ij #d xbZ FkhA vc Hkwydj Hkh ,slh xyrh ugha gksxhA eSavHkh ;gk ls mM+h tk jghgw A rqEgkjh ckrsa esjh le>esa ugha vkrh gSaA esjh ek osQ?kksalys osQ ckgj cgqrsjhlqugjh kwi fc[kjh jgrh gSAeq>s vkSj D;k djuk gS\ nksnkus ek yk nsrh gS vkSj tceSa ij [kksyus ckgj tkrh gw rks ek esjh ckV ns[krh jgrhgSA eq>s rqe vkSj oqQNer le>ks] eSa viuh ek dh gw A 2022-23olar hkkx &270ek konkl us dgk] Hkksyh fpfM+;k ] rqe dgk jgrh gks\ rqe eq>s ughatkurh gks\ fpfM+;k ] eSa ek dks tkurh gw ] HkkbZ dks tkurh gw ] lwjt dks vkSj mldh kwidks tkurh gw A ?

5 Kkl] ikuh vkSj iwQyksa dks tkurh gw A egkekU;] rqe dkSu gks\ eSarqEgsa ugha tkurhA ek konkl] rqe Hkksyh gks fpfM+;k ! rqeus eq>s ugha tkuk] rc rqeus oqQNugha tkukA eSa gh rks gw lsB ek konklA esjs ikl D;k ugha gS! tks ek xks] eSa oghns ldrk gw A fpfM+;k ] ij esjh rks NksVh lh tkr gSA vkiosQ ikl lc oqQN gSA rc eq>stkus nhft,A ek konkl] fpfM+;k ] rw fujh vutku gSA eq>s [kq'kdjsxh rks rq>s ekykeky dj ldrk gw A fpfM+;k ] rqe lsB gksA eSa ugha tkurh] lsB D;kgksrk gSA ij lsB dksbZ cM+h ckr gksrh gksxhA eSa vule>BgjhA ek eq>s cgqr I;kj djrh gSA og esjh jkg ns[krhgksxhA eSa ekykeky gksdj D;k gksm Qxh] eSa ugha tkurhAekykeky fdls dgrs gSa\ D;k eq>s og rqEgkjk ekykeky gksuk pkfg,\ lsB] vjh fpfM+;k rq>s cqf ugha gSA rw lksuk ugha tkurh] lksuk\ mlh dhtxr dks r`".

6 Kk gSA og lksuk esjs ikl <sj dk <sj gSA rsjk ?kj lewpk lksus dkgksxkA ,slk itjk cuokm Qxk fd dgha nqfu;k esa u gksxk] ,slk fd rw ns[krh jgtk,A rw mlosQ Hkhrj fFkjd&iqQnddj eq>s [kq'k dfj;ksA rsjk hkkx ; [kqy tk,xkArsjs ikuh ihus dh dVksjh Hkh lksus dh gksxhA fpfM+;k ] og lksuk D;k ph k gksrh gS\ lsB] rw D;k tkusxh] rw fpfM+;k tks gSA lksus dk ewY; lh[kus osQ fy,rq>s cgqr lh[kuk gSA cl] ;g tku ys fd lsB ek konkl rq>ls ckr dj jgkgSA ftlls eSa ckr rd dj ysrk gw mldh fdLer [kqy tkrh gSA rw vHkh txdk gky ugha tkurhA esjh dksfB;ksa ij dksfB;k gSa] cxhpksa ij cxhps gSaA2022-23fpfM+;k dh cPph71nkl ksa dh laa[;k ugha gSA ij rq>ls esjk fp k izlUu gqvk gSA ,slk ojnkudc fdlh dks feyrk gS\ jh fpfM+;k ! rw bl ckr dks le>rh D;ksa ugha\ fpfM+;k ] lsB] eSa uknku gw A eSa oqQN le>rh ughaA ij] eq>s nsj gks jgh gSAek esjh ckV ns[krh gksxhA lsB] Bgj&Bgj] bl vius ikl osQ iwQy dks rwus ns[kk\ ;g ,d gSA ,slsvufxurh iwQy gSaA ,sls vufxurh iwQy esjs cxhpksa esa gSaA os Hkk fr&Hkk fr osQ jaxosQ gSaA rjg&rjg dh mudh [kq'kcw gSaA fpfM+;k ] rSaus esjk fp k izlUu fd;k gSvkSj os lc iwQy rsjs fy, f[kyk djsaxsA ogk ?

7 Kksalys esa rsjh ek gS] ij ek D;kgS\ bl cgkj osQ lkeus rsjh ek D;k gS\ ogk rsjs ?kksalys esa oqQN Hkh rks ugha gSArw vius dks ugha ns[krh\ oSQlh laqnj rsjh xjnuA oSQlh jaxhu nsg! rw vius ewY;dks D;ksa ugha ns[krh\ eSa rq>s lksus ls e<+dj rsjs ewY; dks pedk nw xkA rSaus esjsfp k dks izlUu fd;k gSA rw er tk] ;gha jgA fpfM+;k ] lsB] eSa vius dks ugha tkurhA bruk tkurh gw fd ek esjh ek gS vkSj eq>s ;gk nsj gks jgh gSA lsB] eq>s jkr er djks] jkr esa v ksjk cgqrgks tkrk gS vkSj eSa jkg Hkwy tkm QxhA lsB us dgk] vPNk] fpfM+;k tkrh gks rks tkvksA ij] bl cxhps dks viukgh le>ksA rqe cM+h laqnj gksA ;g dgus osQ lkFk gh lsB us ,d cVu nck fn;kA mlosQ ncus ls nwj dksBhosQ vanj vkok k gqbZ ftls lqudj ,d nkl >ViV Hkkxdj ckgj vk;kA ;g lcNuHkj esa gks x;k vkSj fpfM+;k oqQN Hkh ugha le>hAlsB dgrs jgs] rqe vHkh ek osQ ikl tkvksA ek ckV ns[krh gksxhA ij] dyvkvksxh u\ dy vkuk] ijlksa vkuk] jks k vkukA ;g dgrs&dgrs nkl dks lsB us b'kkjk dj fn.

8 K vkSj og fpfM+;k dksidM+us osQ tru esa pykAlsB dgrs jgs] lp rqe cM+h laqnj yxrh gks! rqEgkjs HkkbZ&cfgu gSa\fdrus HkkbZ&cfgu gSa\ 2022-23olar hkkx k] nks cfgu] ,dHkkbZA ij eq>s nsj gks jgh gSA gk gk tkukA vHkh rksmtsyk gSA nks cgu] ,d HkkbZgS\ cM+h vPNh ckr gSA ij fpfM+;k osQ eu osQ Hkhrjtkus D;ksa pSu ugha FkkA ogpkSdUuh gks&gks pkjksa vksj ns[krhFkhA mlus dgk] lsB eq>s nsjgks jgh gSA lsB us dgk] nsj vHkhdgk \ vHkh mtsyk gS] esjh I;kjhfpfM+;k! rqe vius ?kj dk brusvkSj gky lqukvksA Hk; erdjksA fpfM+;k us dgk] lsB eq>sMj yxrk gSA ek esjh nwj gSA jkr gks tk,xh rks jkg ugha lw>sxhA brus esa fpfM+;k dks cks k gqvkfd tSls ,d dBksj Li'kZ mlosQnsg dks Nw x;kA og ph[k nsdjfpfp;kbZ vkSj ,dne mM+hA ukSdjosQ iSQys gq, iats esa og vkdjHkh ugha vk ldhA rc og mM+rhgqbZ ,d lk l esa ek osQ ikl xbZvkSj ek dh xksn esa fxjdj lqcdusyxh] vks ek ] vks ek !

9 2022-23fpfM+;k dh cPph73ek us cPph dks Nkrh ls fpiVkdj iwNk] D;k gS esjh cPph] D;k gS\ ij] cPph dk i&dk idj ek dh Nkrh ls vkSj fpid xbZ] cksyh oqQN ugha]cl lqcdrh jgh] vks ek ] vks ek ! cM+h nsj esa mls <k<+l c kk vkSj rc og iyd ehap ml Nkrh esa ghfpiddj lksbZA tSls vc iyd u [kksysxhArrrrrtSusa oqQekjiz'u kldgkuh ls1- fdu ckrksa ls Kkr gksrk gS fd ek konkl dk thou laiUurk ls Hkjk Fkk vkSjfdu ckrksa ls Kkr gksrk gS fd og lq[kh ugha Fkk\2- ek konkl D;ksa ckj&ckj fpfM+;k ls dgrk gS fd ;g cxhpk rqEgkjk gh gS\ D;kek konkl fu%LokFkZ eu ls ,slk dg jgk Fkk\ Li"V dhft,A3- ek konkl osQ ckj&ckj le>kus ij Hkh fpfM+;k lksus osQ itjs vkSj lq[k&lqfo kkvksadks dksbZ eg o ugha ns jgh FkhA nwljh rjI+kQ ek konkl dh u kj esa fpfM+;k dhf kn dk dksbZ rqd u FkkA ek konkl vkSj fpfM+;k osQ euksHkkoksa osQ varjD;k&D;k Fks\ vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A4- dgkuh osQ var esa uUgh fpfM+.

10 K dk lsB osQ ukSdj osQ iats ls hkkx fudyusdh ckr i<+dj rqEgsa oSQlk yxk\ pkyhl k blls oqQN vf kd 'kCnksaesa viuh izfrf ;k fyf[k,A5- ^ek esjh ckV ns[krh gksxh* uUgh fpfM+;k ckj&ckj blh ckr dks dgrh gSA vkivius vuqHko osQ vk kkj ij crkb, fd gekjh knxh esa ek dk D;k eg o gS\6- bl dgkuh dk dksbZ vkSj 'kh"kZd nsuk gks rks vki D;k nsuk pkgsaxs vkSj D;ksa\dgkuh ls vkxs1- bl dgkuh esa vkius ns[kk fd og fpfM+;k vius ?kj ls nwj vkdj Hkh fiQjvius ?kksalys rd okil igq p tkrh gSA e kqefD[k;ksa] phafV;ksa] xzg&u{k=kksa rFkk2022-23olar hkkx &274iz fr dh vU; fofHkUu ph kksa esa gesa ,d vuq'kkluc rk ns[kus dks feyrhgSA bl rjg osQ LokHkkfod vuq'kklu dk :i vkidks dgk &dgk ns[kus dksfeyrk gS\ nsdj crkb,A2- lkspdj fyf[k, fd ;fn lkjh lqfo kk, nsdj ,d dejs esa vkidks lkjs fnucan jgus dks dgk tk, rks D;k vki Lohdkj djsaxs\ vkidks vf kd fiz; D;kgksxk ^Lok khurk* ;k ^izyksHkuksaokyh ijk khurk*\ ,slk D;ksa dgk tkrk gS fdijk khu O;fDr dks lius esa Hkh lq[k ugha fey ikrkA uhps fn, x, i<+sa vkSj fopkj djsa (d) D;ksafd fdlh dks ijk khu cukus dh bPNk j[kusokyk O;fDr Lo;a nq[khgksrk gS] og fdlh dks lq[kh ugha dj ldrkA([k) D;ksafd ijk khu O;fDr lq[k osQ lius ns[kuk gh ugha pkgrkA(x) D;ksafdijk khuO.]]]]]]]]]]]}