FRENCH WHITE PAPER - …

1 Foreword byFran ois HollandePresident of the FRENCH Republic2013 FRENCH WHITEPAPERDEFENCE AND NATIONALSECURITY2013 FRENCH WHITEPAPERDEFENCE AND NATIONALSECURITYFRENCH WHITE PAPER ON defence AND NATIONAL security - 20132 FRENCH WHITE PAPER ON defence AND NATIONAL security - 20133 SommairePreface by the President of the Republic ..7 Introduction: The case for a WHITE PAPER ..9 Chapter 1 - France in the new strategic landscape ..13 A. France: a European power with global reach ..13 B. France is committed to institutional structures that enhance its security but also increase its responsibilities ..15 Chapter 2 - The foundations of the strategy for defence and national security .

2 19 A. Preserving our independence and our sovereignty ..19 B. Ensuring the legitimacy of our actions both nationally and internationally ..22 Chapter 3 - The State of the World ..27 A. Strategic shifts and developments ..27 B. Threats related to power ..32 C. Risks of weakness ..38 D. Threats and risks intensified by globalisation ..40 Chapter 4 - The strategic priorities ..47 A. Protect the national territory and FRENCH nationals abroad, and guarantee the continuity of the Nation's essential functions ..47 B. Guarantee the security of Europe and the North Atlantic space, with our partners and allies ..51 C.

3 Stabilise Europe's near environment, with our partners and allies .53 D. Contribute to the stability of the Middle East and the Arabo-Persian Gulf ..55 E. Contribute to peace in the world ..56 FRENCH WHITE PAPER ON defence AND NATIONAL security - 20134 Chapter 5 - France's engagement in the Atlantic Alliance and in the European Union ..59 A. France in NATO .. 60 B. France in the European Union .. 62 Chapter 6 - Implementing the strategy .. 67 A. Knowledge and anticipation .. 68 B. Deterrence .. 72 C. Protection .. 74 D. Prevention .. 77 E. Intervention .. 79 Chapter 7 - The resources required to implement the strategy.

4 83 A. An operational contract and an armed forces model adapted to the new context .. 84 - Four guiding principles .. 84 - Operational contract .. 86 - The armed forces model .. 89 B. The global approach in managing external crises .. 93 C. Means for prevention and management of crises in the national territory .. 96 - Risk assessment ..96 - Protection of the territory and its surroundings ..97 - The fight against terrorism ..99 - Guaranteeing the continuity of vital functions ..99 - The fight against cyber-threats ..100 - The protection of the nation's scientific and technical potential .102 - The fight against weapons proliferation and trafficking.

5 102 - The fight against drug trafficking and human trafficking ..103 - Improving the state's capacity to respond to crises ..103 - FRENCH overseas territories ..104 - Capacity objectives for the national territory ..105 - The European dimension of national security ..106 D. The women and men serving defence and national security ..107 E. The defence and security industry ..117 FRENCH WHITE PAPER ON defence AND NATIONAL security - 20135 Summary and conclusion .. 125 - Protection .. 126 - Deterrence .. 127 - Intervention .. 127 - Knowledge and anticipation .. 129 - Prevention .. 129 - A budget effort commensurate with the strategy.

6 129 - The armed forces model .. 130 - The men and women serving defence and national security .. 131 - The defence and security industry .. 132 FRENCH WHITE PAPER ON defence AND NATIONAL security - 20136 FRENCH WHITE PAPER ON defence AND NATIONAL security - 20137 Preface by the President of the RepublicShortly after my election, I commissioned a new WHITE PAPER on defence and National security , as I considered that the state of the world called for new strategic guidelines. Who among us does not see that the context has changed appreciably since 2008? Europe is moving towards economic and financial integration, but at the cost of stringent controls on public spending as introduced by the main EU member countries.

7 The United States is preparing to bring a decade of military engagement to an end and is reviewing its priorities, with the goal of restoring public accounts. The emerging powers, especially China, have embarked on a rebalancing of their economy to respond to the aspirations of their middle classes. Lastly, the Arab world has entered into a new phase of history, a phase that brings both promise and risk, as the tragic events in Syria have shown. At the same time, the threats already identified in 2008 terrorism, cyber-attacks, nuclear proliferation, pandemics, etc. have become even more pressing. The vital need for international coordination to respond to them becomes more apparent every is not unprepared for this situation.

8 Its history has always been closely intertwined with the history of the world. Through its economy, its ideas, its language, its diplomatic and military capabilities and its seat at the United Nations security Council, France is fully engaged on the international scene, in accordance with its interests and its values. It acts in close concert with its European partners and its allies, but retains its capacity for independent am grateful to the Commission tasked with writing the WHITE PAPER on defence and National security for its contribution to informing our choices. For the first time, this Commission, which brings together MPs, representatives of the state and independent experts, has also included two Europeans, a German and a British representative.

9 This opening-up is WHITE PAPER highlights the three priorities of our defence strategy: protection, deterrence and intervention. They reinforce each other and are inseparable. We must guarantee the protection of FRENCH citizens, including against cyber-related threats, preserve the credibility of our nuclear deterrence and explicitly affirm our right to take the initiative in actions that defend our interests and those of the international community. Our aim is to guarantee France s security FRENCH WHITE PAPER ON defence AND NATIONAL security - 20138by mobilising all forces in a nation-wide effort, which must itself be embedded in the broader framework of building an effective European defence WHITE PAPER takes into account the evolution of our defence capabilities set against the budgetary constraints we are experiencing today.

10 It conveys a clear will to retain autonomous, swift-reaction deployment military means relying on well-trained, well-equipped and well-informed forces. They must be able to have a decisive impact in regions where the greatest threats to our interests and those of our partners and allies are located. They enable France to assume its responsibilities, as it did in mission is not only the responsibility of the state. It is also the responsibility, in part, of local and regional governments and - where their interests are on the line - that of companies. In 2008, this observation led to the formulation of the concept of national security .