Future of 5G - Qualcomm

1 Future of 5 GBuilding a unified, more capable 5G air interface for the next decade and beyond@qualcomm_techFebruary 20202 Mobile has made a leap every~10 yearsMobile broadband and emerging expansionMobile voice communicationFocus shiftsto mobile dataEfficient voice to reach billionsA unified Future -proof platform1990sDigital voiceD-AMPS, GSM,IS-95 (CDMA)2000sWireless InternetCDMA2000/EV-DOWCDMA/HSPA+,1980sA nalog voiceAMPS, NMT,TACS 2010sMobile broadbandLTE, LTE Advanced,Gigabit LTE2020sWireless Edge5G New Radio(NR) 3 Deliveringon the 5G visionWhere virtually everyone and everything is intelligently connected44 Diverse services Diverse deployments Mid-bands1 GHz to 6 GHz High-bandsAbove 24 GHz (mmWave)Low-bandsBelow 1 GHzMassive Internetof ThingsDiverse spectrum 5G NR is a unified, more capable air interfaceMission-criticalservicesEnhance d mobilebroadband5 GNRL icensed/shared/unlicensedBased on ITU vision for IMT-2020 compared to IMT-advanced; URLLC: Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications.

2 IAB: IntegratedAccess & Backhaul10xConnection density3xSpectrumefficiency10xDecrease inend-to-end latency10xExperienced throughput100xTrafficcapacity100xNetwork efficiency5 Monthly global mobile data traffic in 2024~131B GigabytesIn 2024, ~75% of mobile data traffic from multi-media creation & consumptionIn 2024, 25% of mobile data traffic will be carried by 5G networks more than 4G/3G/2G traffic today5G will address the insatiable demand for mobile broadbandOver 60x growth in mobile data traffic from 2013 to 2024 Source: Ericsson Mobility Report June 20196 Fiber-like data speeds Low latency for real-time interactivity More consistent performance Massive capacity for unlimited data5G is essential for next generation mobile experiencesAugmentedrealityConnected cloudcomputingConnectedvehicleImmersive experiencesHigh-speed mobilityRich user-generatedcontentMobilizing mediaand entertainmentCongested environments77 Efficient use of energy and utilities Digitized logisticsand retailPrivate networks for logistics, enterprises, industrial.

3 Sustainable smart citiesand infrastructurePrecision agriculture Reliable accessto remote healthcare Safer, autonomous transportationEnabler to the factory of the Future $ TrillionPowering the digital economyIn goodsand services by 2035*5 Gwill expand the mobileecosystem tonew industries* The 5G Economy, an independent study from IHS Markit, Penn Schoen Berland and Berkeley Research Group, commissioned by QualcommRel-15 commercializationRel-16 commercializationRel-17 commercializationDelivering on the 5G visionContinue expansion to new verticals, deployments, use cases, spectrumRel-161 Rel-18+ evolutionRel-171 Future -proof platformLTE essential part of the 5G platform201820202019202220212023+Rel-15 Driving the 5G expansion1. 3 GPP start date indicates approval of study package (study item->work item->specifications), previous release continues beyond start of next release with functional freezes and 2020 eMBBexpansion Beyond smartphone (PC, FWA.)

4 New markets/regions Nationwide coverage & SA migrationLonger term expansion Industrial IoT, enterprise, automotive network Private networks Unlicensed spectrum2019 eMBB Global smartphone launches Fixed wireless accessNR9 North AmericaSouth KoreaUnited KingdomSpainGermanyChinaAustraliaUnited Arab EmiratesSaudi ArabiaKuwaitItalyFinlandSwitzerlandRoman iaQatarRussia (soon)Japan (soon)Sub-6 + mmWave Sub-6 Comparison of Year 1 announcements4 Operators launched3 OEMs launched40+ Operators launching40+ OEMs launchingIrelandBahrainPhilippinesSouth AfricaMonaco1010 AskeyInseegoCompalFibocomQualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiariesLG V50 ThinQ5 GNubiaMini 5 GSamsungGalaxy S10 5 GLenovo Z6 Pro 5 GMotorola moto z4/z3+ 5G moto modOnePlus7 Pro 5 GOPPOReno 5G5G devices launched or in development230+Samsung Galaxy FoldXiaomiMi MIX 5 GVivoiQOO5G EditionZTEAxon 10 Pro5 GSamsung A90 5 GSamsung Galaxy Note10+ 5 GVivoNEX 3 5 GNetgearNokiaSierraWirelessSIMcomTelitLo ngsungQuectelWNCZTEHTCN etcomm5G modulesHotspots and CPEs5G smartphonesXiaomiMi 9 Pro 5 GXiaomiMi MIX Alpha1111 Our LTE advancements are essential to 5G Providing ubiquitous coverage and essential services that complement 5G NRLTE IoT, private LTE network,C-V2X are enabling newmobile use cases todayGigabit LTE is here nowand delivers a virtually seamless 5G mobile experienceLTE Advanced Pro leadershipis essential to successin the 5G EraNew 5G NR Sub-6 GHz.

5 And LTE coverage New 5G NR mmWaveDrone communicationsUbiquitous LTEG igabit LTE, VoLTEnx1 Gigabit 5 Gnx10 Gigabit 5 GAutomotive (C-V2X)Public safety /Emergency servicesExisting LTE deploymentsPrivate LTE networksLTE IoTGigabit LTED igital broadcastVoLTE125G NR design and technologies3 GPP Release-151313 Scalable OFDM numerologyLow latency, URLLC,forward compatibilitySelf-containedslot structureAddress diverse services, spectrum , deploymentsMulti-Edge LDPC and CRC-Aided PolarSupport large data blocks,reliable control channelReciprocity-basedMU-MIMOL arge # of antennas to increase coverage/capacityBeamformingand beam-trackingFor extreme capacityand throughputOur technology inventions drove 5G Rel-15 specificationsEarly R&D investmentsFundamental contributions to 3 GPPC utting-edge prototypesFlexible slot-basedframeworkScalable OFDM-basedair interfaceAdvanced channel codingMassive MIMOM obilemmWave1414 Scalable OFDM-based 5G NR air interface3 GPP Rel-15 specifications aligned with Qualcomm Research whitepaper published Nov 2015 [link] Qualcomm Research is a division of Qualcomm Technologies, Such as Weighted Overlap Add (WOLA) utilized in LTE systems today.

6 2. DFT-Spread (DFT-S) OFDM. 3. Such as non-orthogonal Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) 2nscaling of sub-carrier spacing to efficiently support wider bandwidthsWindowing1can effectively minimize in-band and out-of-band emissionsSingle-carrier2 OFDM utilized for efficient uplink transmissionsCan co-exist with optimized waveforms and multiple access for IoT UL3 TimeFrequencyFrequency localizationLower power consumptionAsynchronous multiple accessScalable numerology 1515 Scalable 5G NR OFDM numerology examples Efficiently address 5G diverse spectrum , deployments and services Scaling reduces FFT processing complexity for wider bandwidths with reusable hardwareOutdoor macro , FDD 700 MHzIndoor , unlicensed 6 , TDD 28 GHzOutdoor macro and small , TDD 3-5 GHzSub-Carrier spacing, kHzCarrier bandwidth, 1,5,10 and 20 MHzCarrier bandwidth, 160 MHzCarrier bandwidth, 400 MHzCarrier bandwidth, 100 MHzSub-Carrier spacing.

7 KHzSub-Carrier spacing, kHzSub-Carrier spacing, kHz2nscaling of Sub-Carrier Spacing (SCS)1616 Global snapshot of allocated/targeted 5G spectrum5G is being designed for diverse spectrum types/bandsLicensedUnlicensed/sharedExis ting bandNew 5G band600 MHz (2x35 MHz) (2x30 MHz) 5 GHz 600 MHz (2x35 MHz) (B41/n41) GHz700 MHz (2x30 MHz)700 MHz (2x30 MHz)700 MHz (2x30 MHz)700 MHz (2x30 MHz)5 GHz4 GHz3 GHz<1 GHz24-28 GHz37-40 GHz64-71 GHz> (B41/n41) > 700 5G with the flexible slot-based frameworkEfficiently multiplex envisioned and Future 5G services on the same frequencyBlank subcarriersSidelinkSidelink (Rel-17+), , for offloadingEnhanced mobilebroadband (Rel-15+)5G NReMBBB roadcastBroadcast/enTV(Rel-16+)C-V2 XCellular V2X networkside (Rel-16+)Dynamic spectrum sharing (Rel-15+)LTE5G NR eMBB inLTE spectrumLTE5G NReMBBI ntegrated access & backhaul (Rel-16+)?

8 Unknown service not yet definedNR-LightNR-Light(Rel-17+)eMTCNB-I oTMassive IoT(Rel-16+)Wide-area mission-critical (Rel-15/16+)eMBB transmissionDL CtrlUL CtrlSelf-contained slot structureAbility to independently decode slots and avoid static timing relationships across slotsURLLCN ominal traffic puncturingTo enable URLCC transmissionsto occur at any time using mini-slotsScalable slot durationEfficient multiplexing of diverse latency and QoS requirementsForward compatibilityTransmissions well-confined in freq/time to simplify adding new Future features1818 Scalable 5G NR slot duration for diverse latency/QoS1. As low as two symbols per mini-slot; 2. Symbols across numerologies align at symbol boundaries and transmissions span an integer # of OFDM symbols 14 OFDM symbols per slot withmini-slot (2, 4, or 7 symbols) for shorter transmissions1 Supports slot aggregation for data-heavy transmissionsEfficient multiplexing of long and short transmissions2012111213345678910 SlotMini-Slot500 sSlot250 sSlot125 sSubframe1ms subframe aligned with LTECP-OFDM Symbol15 kHz SCS30 kHz SCS60 kHz SCS120 kHz SCS19 Flexible 5G NR slot structures ExamplesDL reference signals (DL DMRS) & UL Reference + Sounding (UL DSMR, SRS)

9 Not showed for simplicityBlank slotDesigned in a way not to limit Future feature introductionsSlot-based scheduling/control intervalTDD Self-ContainedOpportunity for UL/DL scheduling, data and ACK/SRS in the same slotDL DataDL CtrlUL CtrlDLGuardDL CtrlUL DataUL CtrlGuardULData-centricMore relaxed TDD timing configurations + FDD operationDL CtrlDL DataDLUL DataUL CtrlULMini-slotOptimized for shorter data transmissions, , 2-symbol , 4-symbol mini-slotUL20UL DataGuardBenefits of the 5G NR TDD self-contained slotMuch faster, more flexible TDD switching and turn-around than 4G LTE1. Sounding Reference SignalDL DataDL CtrlULCtrlGuardDL CtrlTDD ULTDD DLMore adaptive UL/DLFaster TDD switching allows for more flexible capacity allocationSRSACKE fficient massive MIMOO ptimized TDD channel reciprocity with opportunity for SRS1every slotLow latencyFaster TDD turn-around, with opportunity for UL/DL scheduling, data and ACK in the same slotFlexibility for additional , channel reservation header for unlicensed/shared spectrum21215G NR TDD self-contained slot structure in action Three examples showcasing faster TDD switching for low latencyDL reference signals (DL DMRS) & UL Reference + Sounding (UL DSMR, SRS) not showed for simplicitySlot 0: 500 sSlot 1: 500 sSlot 2: 500 sSlot 3: 500 s123 Slot 0: 125 sSlot 1: 125 sSlot 2: 125 sSlot 3: 125 sSlot 4: 125 sSlot 5: 125 sSlot 6: 125 sSlot 7: 125 s1.

10 Indoor (sub-6 or mmWave)2. Outdoor (sub-6 or mmWave)3. Outdoor mmWave DL CtrlDL DataUL CtrlUL Data225G NR flexible FDD slot structureDelivering low latency, extended coverage, and forward compatibility FDD baseline for continuous transmission and extended coverageUL DataUL CtrlULCtrlDL CtrlDL DataFDD full DL SlotFDD full UL Slot FDD partial slot for faster DL/UL turn-around and efficient half-duplex FDD implementation FDD partial DL SlotFDD partial UL Slot DL CtrlDL DataUL DataUL rate (R)LDPCP olarTurbo0 Advanced ME-LDPC1channel coding is more efficient than LTE Turbo code at higher data ratesSelected as 5G NR eMBBdata channel as part of 3 GPP Release-15 1. Multi-Edge Low-Density Parity-CheckHigh efficiencySignificant gains over LTE Turbo particularly for large block sizes suitable for MBBLow complexityEasily parallelizable decoder scales to achieve high throughput at low complexityLow latencyEfficient encoding/decoding enables shorter transmission time at high throughput Normalized throughput (for given clock rate)524 Performance gains of CRC-Aided Polar channel coding led to its adoption across many 5G NR control use cases1.