Gas-Insulated-Substations SF6 gas handling - US EPA

1 Gas- insulated -SubstationsSF6gas handlingEPA s 2012 Workshop on SF6-emission reduction strategies Atlanta, Georgia; April 17-18, 2012 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector Power Transmission High Voltage SubstationsPeter GlaubitzChristian Wallner ContentContent Introduction SF6in a lifecycle process CO2-footprint reduction of GIS handling of SF6 Regulations on SF6 ConclusionPage 2 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian WallnerPower Transmission is a Part of the Power Matrixis a Part of the Power MatrixPage 3 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian WallnerHigh Voltage substations are the backbone of the Transmission SystemRequirements forGas- insulated substations High system reliability High flexibility of its solutions (modularity expandability)

2 Gas- insulated substations High flexibility of its solutions (modularity, expandability) Compact space saving solutions Innovative solutions (devices, switchgears)f Low life cycle costs Reliable and competent partners (operator, manufacturer) Smart and Power grid adaptation Environmental-sustainabilityPage 4 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian WallnerCharacteristics of SF SF6is colorlessly, odorless and achemical neutral (inerted) gasCharacteristics of SF6chemical neutral (inerted) gas SF6is 5x heavier than air, is not toxic andhas no dangerous components insidehas no dangerous components inside SF6is no hazardous material SF6has no eco-toxic potential SF6has no impact for the ozonosphere SF6is a potent greenhouse gas (GWP* 22,800** x CO2)SFhlltltilh titiPage 5 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian Wallner SF6has excellent electrical characteristics* Global Warming Potential.

3 ** according to EU-F-Gas regulationSF6-emissions in the lifecycle process of switchgearal ngin the lifecycle process of switchgearHerstellungProducing SF6 EntwicklungPr fungManufacturingProduktionDevelopmentTe stsCommissioningindustriaprocessinSF6is used in a closed cyclepUsedecommissioningRecycling of SF6for reuse-dividual ocessinginpro( =possible emission)Page 6 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian Wallner( =possible emission)Definition of SF EmissionSF6 Definition of SF6 EmissionEmissionSF6- handling lossesSF6-leakage+Technical recommendation in Definition in IEC-standards,Cigr SF6- handling Guide No. 276like IEEE , IEC 62271-203, Cigr SF6-Tightness Guide No. 430 Page 7 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian WallnerPermanent CO2-footprint reduction of GISP ermanent CO2footprint reduction of GIS [%]8D2[]708090100 Size of buildingSpace requirementPacking volume8D6example: the development of the Siemens GIS 145 kV30405060708D68D88DN98DN801020306870727 4767880828486889092949698source.

4 Siemens2010 The developments within the last decades have led to smaller gas compartments of the switchgear and thus to considerably less used 68707274767880828486889092949698yearPage 8 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian Wallneramount of SF6at the same performance reduced amount of SFin the equipmentSignificant reduced amount of SF6in the equipment--68%68%--77%77%--75%75% kVtype of GISA significant reduction of SF6was reached by using modern development tools, new materials and optimized production processes since theSiemens GIS, Cable bay with double busbar system including 2 BB Siemens GIS, Cable bay with double busbar system including 2 BB DS, 1 line DS, 1 CB, 3 ESDS, 1 line DS, 1 CB, 3 ESPage 9 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian Wallnertools.

5 New materials and optimized production processes since the introduction of the GIS-technology in 1968 Reduction of SF6-emissions in the factory Type testing internal arcType testing internal arc Test object is inside test boxtest box Test box is equipped with inspection windowswindows All connections are gastight Operation of rupture disc will allow SF6to emitt in the test box onlyonly SF6will be collected in a closed cycle after testingPage 10 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian WallnertestingInternal arc testing without SF6-emission Reduction of SF6-emissions in the factoryReduction of SF6-emissions in the factoryThe component ttittesting must assure very low SF6emission by using state-of-the-art- handling equipment in the factoriesPage 11 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian WallnerInternal tightness of componentsReduce SF-emissions in the factoryReduce SF6-emissions in the factoryStateofthearthandlingState-of-the -art- handling equipment.

6 Regularly checks and trained Page 12 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian WallnerAchieving low SF6emission during production Reduce SF-emissions in the factoryReduce SF6-emissions in the factoryEnvironmentally respondsible behavior and state-of-the-art itldtlSFequipments leads to low SF6-emission in the factory200020012002200320042005200620072 00820092010 Page 13 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian Wallner200020012002200320042005200620072 00820092010 Source: GIS Factory BerlinOptimized gas work needs State-of-the-Art equipment especially on site State-of-the-Art equipment especially on site1 mbar SF6-SF6- measurement SF6-collecting device6maintenance unit6device%- SF6,dew-point temperature,SFbyproductsSF6collecting devicefor measurement of gasSF6-byproductsSource: DILOPage 14 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian WallnerSF6 Recollection during measurements of gas qualityduring measurements of gas qualityGas flows through the instrument into recovery bag (SF6-recollecting pipe)No emission!

7 Page 15 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian WallnerSource: DILO, GAS-WIKA-SiemensHandling of SFon siteHandling of SF6on site Use of strong and big maintenance units - should be able to recover gas to a resid al press re of < 1mbargas to a residual pressure of < 1mbar Minimum Residual pressure to be achieved < 20mbar - according to IEC 62271-303 Target below 1 mbar-nevertheless due to the design and size of gas Target below 1 mbar -nevertheless due to the design and size of gas compartments it's not always 16 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian WallnerOptimized SFhandlingOptimized SF6handling10kg]SFSF66--residual quantity (emission) dependence on the SFresidual quantity (emission)

8 Dependence on the SF66rated filling pressure / rated filling pressure / compartment size / SFcompartment size / SF6 6 residual pressureresidual pressure789residual quantity [k420 kV-circuit breaker, 3-pole- volume:approx. 7000 l- working pressure: 6,6 bar kV-disconnector, 3-pole- volume:approx. 870 l- working pressure: 4,8bar -SF6-amount:approx. 300 kg-SF6-density:43 g/l-SF6-amount:approx. 27 kg-SF6-density:26,7 g/l0123 With State-of-the-art- handling equipment SF6recovery of each gas compartment tilll(120 b ) iibl thilf t lt0020406080100120140160180200SF6 residual pressure [mbar]Source: Cigr -Guide no. 276; Application of table 25 Page 17 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian Wallnertill very low pressure (1 -20 mbar) is possible, thus securing losses of at least less than 2% during maintenance and end of Functionality and environmental protection Gas-tightness essential for the functionality static and dynamic solutions Design and material assure extreme low leakage rateFunctionality and environmental protectionDesign and material assure extreme low leakage rateIEC 62271-203 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 203.]

9 Gas- insulated metal-enclosed switchgear for rated voltages above 52 kV (09/2011) required leakage rate < / year / gas compartment ttfthtd i01%//tt Extreme low emissions protect the environment state-of-the-art design < / year / gas compartmentAxial direction of rotationDynamic solution,example for 145 kV GIS CBof rotationMovement of main contactsPage 18 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian Wallner Proven tightness on installed GIS for decadesType testing on SF6-tightness according to IEC/IEEE part of the quality assurance processIEC/IEEE part of the quality assurance process Nowadays SF6-tightness can be confirmed (integral measuring process with state-of-the-art measurement devices) in the range of <0,01%/year/gas compartment compared with the required Page 19 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian Wallner,%y gppq<0,5%/year/gas compartment in the relevant standardsExpected life-time of GISS tate-of-the-arton145 kV145 kV1968 Expected life-time of GISN umber of installed baysSevolutioAcc to CIGR studyThe image cannot be display ed.

10 Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image, or the image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it s experienceGIS2012 Acc. to CIGR study- No generic life limitation- Issues of aging and deterioration Gas leakages Specific material design issuesThe image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and the n insert it life-time Specific material design issues Secondary systems CorrosionFirst InstallationYears in service05040302010 Page 20 Copyright Siemens AGEnergy Sector - Power Transmission - High Voltage SubstationsChristian WallnerContinuous development assures the sustainable performanceYears in serviceGIS-Concepts for low SF-emissionIn the PastState-of-the-art-technologyLarge gas compartmentsOptimized gas compartmentsGIS-Concepts for low SF6-emissionLarge gas compartmentsOptimized gas compartmentsShort maintenance intervals (frequent opening of gas compartments)2 openings during life time.