Gauteng: Informal settlements status

1 gauteng : Informal settlements status research series published by the housing development agencyresearch reportsGAUTENG research reportthe housing development agency (hda)Block A, Riviera Office Park,6 10 Riviera Road,Killarney, JohannesburgPO Box 3209, Houghton,South Africa 2041 Tel: +27 11 544 1000 Fax: +27 11 544 1006/7 Acknowledgements Eighty 20 The Housing Development Agency 2012disclaimerReasonable care has been taken in the preparation of this report. The information contained herein has been derived from sources believed to be accurate and reliable.

2 The Housing Development Agency does not assume responsibility for any error, omission or opinion contained herein, including but not limited to any decisions made based on the content of this research reportpaGe 1contentsPart 1: Introduction 4 Part 2: Data sources and definitions Survey and Census data Other Data from Stats SA National Department of Human settlements (NDHS) and LaPsis Eskom s Spot Building Count (also known as the Eskom Dwelling Layer) Community Organisation Resource Centre (CORC) municipal data: City of Johannesburg and Ekurhuleni City of Johannesburg Ekurhuleni 11 Part 3: the number and size of Informal settlements in gauteng Estimating the number of households who live in Informal settlements Estimating the number of Informal settlements 15 Part 4.

3 Profiling Informal settlements in gauteng Basic living conditions and access to services Profile of households and families Income, expenditure and other indicators of wellbeing Income Expenditure Other indicators of wellbeing Age of settlements and permanence Housing waiting lists and subsidy housing Health and vulnerability Education 27 Part 5: profiling Informal settlements in the city of Johannesburg Basic living conditions and access to services Household-level data settlement -level data Profile of households and families Employment Age of settlements and permanence Education 32paGe 2 gauteng research reportPart 6: profiling Informal settlements in city of tshwane Basic living conditions and access to services Profile of households and families Employment Age of settlements and permanence Education 36 Part 7.

4 Profiling Informal settlements in ekurhuleni Basic living conditions and access to services Household-level data settlement -level data Profile of households and families Employment Age of settlements and permanence Education 41 Part 8: conclusions 42 Part 9: contacts and references 43 Part 10: appendix: statistics south africa surveys Community Survey 2007 General Household Survey Income and Expenditure Survey 2005/6 Census 2001 Enumerator areas 45contentsGAUTENG research reportcorc Community Organisation Resource Centreea Enumeration Areaghs General Household Surveygis Geographical Information Systemsgti GeoTerraImagehda Housing Development Agencyhh Householdsies Income and Expenditure Surveylapsis Land and Property Spatial Information Systemndhs National Department of Human Settlementspsu Primary Sampling Unitstats sa

5 Statistics South AfricaList of abbreviationspaGe 3paGe 4 gauteng research reportIn terms of the HDA Act No. 23, 20081, the Housing Development Agency (HDA), is mandated to assist organs of State with the upgrading of Informal settlements . The HDA therefore commissioned this study to investigate the availability of data and to analyse this data relating to the profile, status and trends in Informal settlements in South Africa, nationally and provincially as well as for some of the larger municipalities. This report summarises available data for the province of 1 Introduction1 The HDA Act , 2008, Section 7 (1) 5 gauteng research reportA number of data sources have been used for this study.

6 These include household level data from the 2001 Census and a range of nationally representative household surveys. settlement level data was also reviewed, including data from the City of Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni, the NDHS, the HDA and is no single standard definition of an Informal settlement across data sources, nor is there alignment across data sources with regard to the demarcation of settlement areas. It is therefore expected that estimates generated by various data sources will is critical when using data to be aware of its derivation and any potential biases or weaknesses within the data.

7 Each data source is therefore discussed briefly and any issues pertaining to the data are highlighted. A more detailed discussion on data sources is provided in the national report on Informal survey and census dataHousehold-level data for this report was drawn from various nationally representative surveys conducted by Statistics South Africa including 2007 Community Survey (CS)2, the General Household Survey (GHS) from 2002 to 2009 and the 2005/6 Income and Expenditure Survey (IES)3. In addition, the study reviewed data from the 2001 census defines an Informal settlement as An unplanned settlement on land which has not been surveyed or proclaimed as residential, consisting mainly of Informal dwellings (shacks).

8 In turn, the census defines an Informal dwelling as: A makeshift structure not erected according to approved architectural plans . In the 2001 Census all residential Enumeration Areas (EAs)5 are categorised as either Informal settlements , Urban settlements , Tribal settlements or Farms. In addition, dwellings are categorised as either formal dwellings6 or Informal dwellings, including shacks not in backyards, shacks in backyards and traditional dwellings. There are therefore two potential indicators in the 2001 Census that can be used to identify households who live in Informal settlements , one based on enumeration area ( Informal settlement EA) and the other based on the type of dwelling (shack not in backyard).

9 Part 2 Data sources and definitions2 The Community Survey is a nationally representative, large-scale household survey. It provides demographic and socio-economic information such as the extent of poor households, access to facilities and services, levels of employment/unemployment at national, provincial and municipal The Income and Expenditure Survey was conducted by Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) between September 2005 and August 2006 (IES 2005/2006). It is based on the diary method of capture and was the first of its kind to be conducted by Stats The Census data is available for all SA households; where more detail is required the 10% sample of this data set is used.

10 Choice of data set is highlighted where An EA is the smallest piece of land into which the country is divided for enumeration, of a size suitable for one fieldworker in an allocated period of time. EA type is then the classification of EAs according to specific criteria which profiles land use and human settlement in an Formal dwellings include house or brick structure on a separate stand, flat in a block of flats, town/cluster/semi-detached house, house/flat/room in backyard and a room/flatlet on a shared 6 gauteng research reportAccording to the 2001 Census, 448,000 households in gauteng (16% of households)