GCSE Grade

1 GCSEAQA - Combined ScienceGradeMaterialsFor this paper you must have:RulerPencil and RubberScientific calculator, which you are expected to use when appropriateInstructionsAnswer all questionsAnswer questions in the space providedAll working must be shownInformationThe marks for the questions are shown in bracketsName:BIOLOGYMarkDate:B6 - Test 1 INHERITANCE, VARIATION AND figure below shows flamingos. Flamingos are birds. They have long can walk in deep water and use their long necks to reach food in the mud. How would Darwin have explained the evolution of the flamingo s long neck?Use the correct answer from the box to complete each sentence. mutationnatural selectionsexual reproductionvariationIn a population of flamingos there are birds with different lengths of range of differences in neck length is called _____.

2 The flamingos with longer necks are better adapted to feed in deeper are more likely to survive than flamingos with shorter is an example of _____ .The surviving flamingos pass on their genes for a longer neck to their offspringduring _____ .(Total 3 marks) 1 of humans, hair colour is an inherited hair is caused by a recessive allele.(a) When does a recessive allele control the development of a characteristic? Tick ( ) one box. When the allele is present on only one of the the dominant allele is not the allele is inherited from the female parent.(1)2.(b) Figure 1 shows the inheritance of hair colour in one family. (i) Brown hair is caused by a dominant allele, hair is caused by the recessive allele, combination of alleles does person 1 have?

3 Tick ( ) one box. BBBbbb(1)Page 2 of (ii) Person 3 married a woman with brown 2 shows how hair colour could be inherited by their 2 Complete Figure 2 to show the combination of alleles that the children would has been done for you.(2)(iii) What is the probability that one of the children would have red hair? Tick ( ) one box. 1 in 21 in 31 in 4(1)(Total 5 marks)Page 3 of give us evidence for the theory of diagrams show how a fish became a fossil.(a) In the sentences below, cross out the two lines which are wrong in each box. (4)3.(b) Give one way in which fossils provide evidence for the theory of (1)(Total 5 marks)Page 4 of 1 shows an animal cell and some of the structures inside the cell.

4 4.(a) Use words from the box to label structures A, B and C, on Diagram 1. CharacteristicChromosomeGameteGeneNucleu s(3)(b) Factors that may affect characteristics include genes and the 2 shows some of the characteristics of a girl. Page 5 of one line from each characteristic in List A to the factor(s) that affect thecharacteristic in List B. List ACharacteristic List BFactor(s) that affect the characteristic Affected by genes onlyBlue eyes Affected by environment onlyHeight 162 cm Affected by both genes and the environmentScar on arm Affected by neither genes nor the environment(3)(Total 6 marks)Sexual reproduction in humans involves the joining together of an egg cell and a sperm sex of an embryo is decided by the chromosomes they inherit from their mother and father.

5 (a) Where in the cell are the chromosomes?Tick one box. Cell membraneCytoplasmNucleusRibosomes(1) 6 of (b) Draw one line from each type of cell to the number of chromosomes in the cell. Type of cell Number ofchromosomes 23 Sperm cell 26 46 Embryo cell 52 69(2)(c) A man and a woman decide to have a the genetic diagram in the figure below. (2)(d) On the figure above, circle a male child.(1)Page 7 of (e) What is the chance of the man and woman having a boy?Tick one box. 1 in 21 in 31 in 41 in 8(1)(Total 7 marks)The photographs show two varieties of moths, Xand Y. The moths belong to the same moths are resting on a tree trunk in open X Moth Y6.

6 (a) Which variety of moth, X or Y, is more likely to be killed by insect-eating birds? Give areason for your of moth: _____Reason _____(1)Page 8 of (b) In an experiment, large numbers of each variety of moth were caught in a trap. They were marked with a spot of paint on the underside of one wing and thenreleased. A few days later, moths were again trapped and the number of marked moths wascounted. The experiment was carried out in a woodland polluted by smoke and soot, and alsoin an unpolluted results are shown in the bar graph. (i) When the moths were being marked, suggest why the paint was put on the undersideof the wing and not on the (1)(ii) What percentage of moths of type X was recaptured in:the polluted woodland; _____the unpolluted woodland?

7 _____(2)(iii) In each woodland, only a small number of marked moths of both varieties wererecaptured. Suggest one reason for (1)Page 9 of (c) (i) The colour of the moths is controlled by a gene. The dark form was first produced bya mutation in the gene. What chemical, found in a gene, is changed by a mutation? Draw a ring around DNA fat protein(1)(ii) Some of the offspring from the original dark moth were also dark. What caused this?_____(1)(Total 7 marks)Figure 1 shows a photograph of a fossil of a 17.(a) When were trilobites alive?Tick one box. Between 20 and 50 years 20 and 50 thousand years 200 and 500 thousand years 200 and 500 million years ago.

8 (1)Page 10 of (b) Suggest how the fossil in Figure 1 was one box. The organism left a footprint organism was buried by organism was frozen in organism was replaced by minerals.(1)(c) Trilobites are does extinct mean?Tick one box. The species evolved into another species does not have any soft tissue are no organisms of that species alive are not enough of the species alive to reproduce.(1)Page 11 of (d) Hyoliths are another type of fossil. Hyoliths were discovered in the 1800s and thought to bea type of 2017 scientists used modern techniques to place hyoliths into a different a modern technique that the scientists may have one box. DNA analysisGenetic modificationLight microscopySelective breeding(1)(e) Which scientist developed the traditional classification system for all living organisms?

9 _____(1)The fossil record is used to draw evolutionary 2 shows an evolutionary tree for a group of 2(f) Suggest which two of these dinosaurs are most closely and _____(1)Page 12 of (g) Name a common ancestor of Triceratops and (1)(h) How does the fossil record provide evidence for Darwin s theory of evolution?Tick one box. Dinosaurs became extinct 65 million years have been found in most countries of the fossils have a simpler belong to the arthropod group of animals.(1)(Total 8 marks)Variation in individual organisms can be caused by: genes the environment a combination of both genes and the 1 shows variations in a 1 13 of (a) What is the cause of each variation in the table below?

10 Tick only one box in each row. VariationCause of variationGenes onlyEnvironmentonlyBoth genes andthe environmentBrown eyes Light brown skin colour Short hair (3)(b) The allele for blue eyes is recessive (b).The allele for brown eyes is dominant (B).A woman has blue are the woman s alleles ?Tick one box. BBBbbb(1)(c) The woman marries a man with the alleles Bb for eye colour eyes does the man have?_____(1)(d) Complete the Punnett square diagram in Figure 2 for this man and 2 Woman ManB b (1)Page 14 of (e) What is the probability that a child of this man and woman will have brown eyes?_____(1)(f) What is the scientific term used for the child s eye colour?Tick one box.