Gender Manual Formatting - UNECE

1 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Reference Manual prepared by the UNECE Task force on Gender Statistics Training for Statisticians with contributions from various experts DEVELOPING Gender STATISTICS: A Practical Tool A PRACTICAL TOOLU nited Nations Geneva 2010 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontier or boundaries. ECE/CES/8 iii Preface Gender statistics is not a discrete or isolated field. It cuts across traditional fields of statistics, such as economics, agriculture, health and employment, to explore the differences that exist between women and men in society.

2 Such information is vital to inform policy and decision-makers and to make advances towards achieving Gender equality. The Manual Developing Gender Statistics: A Practical Tool aims to guide statistical organizations in the production and use of Gender statistics, building upon the seminal work Engendering Statistics: A Tool for Change by Statistics Sweden (Hedman et al., 1996). Chapters 1 and 2 of the Manual explain the importance of producing and analyzing statistics on Gender differences. Chapter 3 provides guidance on data production and Chapter 4 looks in detail at selected topics relevant to Gender statistics and the implications for data collection. Chapter 5 examines methods for improving the use of Gender statistics through communication strategies and dissemination platforms such as interactive databases and websites. An important component of any initiative to develop statistics on Gender is advocacy and partnership building.

3 Chapter 6 provides guidance on making it happen through campaigning for top management support, creating legislation and defining a Gender statistics program. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe wishes to acknowledge the cooperation with the World Bank Institute in preparing this Manual . I hope that the Manual will serve as a consolidated reference for any institution or individual interested in producing high quality information about Gender differences, provide valuable guidance to producers and eventually contribute to evidence-based policy-making for accelerating progress towards Gender equality. J n Kubi Executive Secretary United Nations Economic Commission for Europe iv This Manual represents the result of several years of productive cooperation among the members of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ( UNECE ) Task force on Gender Statistics Training for Statisticians with contributions from various experts.

4 The Conference of European Statisticians (CES) would like to thank all who contributed papers and provided valuable feedback during the course of this work. In particular, the CES would like to acknowledge the contribution of the following members of the UNECE Task force on Gender Statistics Training for Statisticians: Gerry Brady (Central Statistics Office, Ireland) John Curry (Food and Agriculture Organization) Gulnara Febres (World Bank Institute) Cristina Freguja (ISTAT) Riet Groenen (United Nations Population Fund) Maria Hartl (International Fund for Agricultural Development) George Kavelashvili (National Statistics Office of Georgia) Vladimir Magnaradze (National Statistics Office of Georgia) Robert Mayo (Food and Agriculture Organization) Marina Mijovska (State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia) Susanne Milcher (United Nations Development Programme) Marjut Pietil inen (Statistics Finland) Dragana Djokovic Papic (Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia) Maria Giuseppina Muratore (ISTAT) Tare Noori (Statistics Sweden) Ko Oudhof (Statistics Netherlands)

5 Victoria Velkoff (United States Census Bureau) This Manual has benefited from contributions by independent experts as well as experts from Eurostat, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the World Bank Institute (WBI) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ( UNECE ). They include: Asush Aghabalyan, Petteri Baer, Julie Ballington, Giorgina Brown, Debbie Budlender, Nadja Dolata, Heather Dryburgh, Barbara Dunlop, Marge Fauvelle, Peter Gardner, Hermann Habermann, Ralf Hussmanns, Diane Herz, Karen Hurrell, Seppo Kouvonen, Edith Kuiper, Sophia Lawrence, Mar a Eugenia G mez Luna, Adriana Mata-Greenwood, Iiris Niemi, Mihail Peleah, Camilla Gidl f Regnier, Maria Clelia Romano, Elena Sannikova, Manfred Schmiemann, Diane Steel, Kristian Rose Tronstad, Joann Vanek, Elizabeth Villagomez, Sylvia Walby, Julia Weinmann, and Vesna Zajc.

6 The design and layout of this publication was prepared by Dianne Andrysiak. The CES Bureau has provided constructive guidance and assistance throughout the development of this publication. Special thanks go to the staff of the UNECE and the World Bank Institute, whose leadership and substantive contributions have made this publication a reality. They are Gulnara Febres from the World Bank Institute and Elisa Benes, Enrico Bisogno, Jessica Gardner, Linda Hooper, Nato Kurshitashvili, Tiina Luige and Angela Me from the UNECE . The preparation of this Manual has benefited from the financial support from the World Bank Development Grant Facility. Acknowledgements v Contents Preface .. iii CChapter 1 What is Gender statistics and Gender analysis .. 1 Introduction ..1 The importance of a Gender perspective in statistics ..1 Intersection of Gender with other social groups.

7 2 Gender statistics Making Gender visible in Gender CChhaapptteerr 22 Why do we need Gender statistics?.. 7 Introduction ..7 Importance of Gender Gender statistics in the policy-making Gender statistics to inform general 10 Gender statistics to improve national statistical systems .. 10 CChhaapptteerr 33 How to produce Gender statistics: general Introduction .. 11 Statistical production 11 Data 24 Time Use Surveys .. 33 CChhaapptteerr 44 Selected topics relevant to Gender statistics and implications for data collection ..41 Introduction .. 41 Size, structure and characteristics of the labour force .. 42 Informal employment .. 49 Unpaid work .. 56 Reconciliation of work and family life .. 59 Entrepreneurship .. 63 69 76 Access to assets .. 80 Information and communication technology .. 87 Education, research and science.

8 93 Health ..100 Gender -based Gender attitudes ..110 Minority Social exclusion ..121 CChhaapptteerr 55 Improving the use of Gender Communication of UNECE Gender Statistics Database and CChhaapptteerr 66 Making it Dynamics of getting started ..139 Building alliances ..139 Top management ..141 Develop Legislation ..142 Defining a Gender statistics Organization of the Gender statistics program ..144 Abbreviations ..148 References ..149 AAnnnneexx 11 UNECE Gender Statistics Database: List of indicators ..160 AAnnnneexx 22 Case study on participatory Gender statistics training ..163 UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE 1 DEVELOPING Gender STATISTICS: A PRACTICAL TOOL CChhaapptteerr 11 Gender statistics and Gender analysis Introduction Gender statistics is not a discrete or isolated field. It relates to all fields of statistics and is a tool to facilitate the change needed to address Gender issues.

9 Identifying the information required to inform and understand the problems and goals connected with Gender issues is essential to the production of Gender statistics. Therefore, a policy-oriented approach rather than the simple disaggregation of data by sex is at the core of Gender statistics. Gender statistics is a field of statistics which cuts across the traditional fields to identify, produce and disseminate statistics that reflect the realities of the lives of women and men and policy issues relating to Gender equality. The development of Gender statistics involves the same steps as the production of other statistics, but with specific regard to integrating Gender issues and reflecting Gender concerns. As Hedman et al. (1996) have already established, the main steps include: a) selection of topics to be investigated b) identification of statistics to be collected to reflect the Gender issues in society c) formulation of concepts and definitions that adequately reflect the diversities of women and men in society d) development of data collection methods that take into account stereotypes and social and cultural factors that might produce Gender -based biases e) development of analyses and presentation of data that can reach policy makers and the largest audience possible.

10 This chapter will focus on some of the basic issues and challenges that are involved with developing Gender statistics. The importance of a Gender perspective in statistics The first challenge faced by advocates of a Gender perspective in statistics is to convince statisticians, and sometimes even some potential users, of the importance and feasibility of this field of work. Many argue that Gender is already fully incorporated in statistics or that it is not necessary since women and men already have equal opportunities in society (see Box on frequently used arguments). This Manual argues that a Gender focus not only provides evidence of Gender differences, but strengthens and improves the whole statistical system. Women and men continue to have different roles in society, different access to and control over resources and different skills and interests.