Global Energy Interconnection Development Index

1 Global Energy Interconnection Development Index 2018 Global Energy Interconnection Development Index2018 Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation OrganizationMarch 2018 Global Energy InterconnectionDevelopment Index2018 Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation OrganizationMarch 2018 ForewordCurrently, resources constraints, climate change, environmental pollution and population without access to electricity pose severe challenges to the Global sustainable Development . To approach these challenges, it is pivotal to comply with the growing trend of the clean, electrified, interconnected and intelligent Energy system, quicken the establishment of the cleanness-oriented, electricity-centered, interconnected, co-built and shared modern Energy system. Global Energy Interconnection (GEI) refers to the Development of a globally interconnected, ubiquitous robust smart grid, supported by backbone UHV grid (channels), and it is a vital platform for worldwide large-scale deployment, transportation and utilization of clean Energy .

2 Establishing GEI, and accelerating "two replacements, one increase and one restore" provide an efficient solution for all countries to realize Energy system Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization (GEIDCO) aims to promote the establishment of a GEI system to meet the Global electricity demand in a clean and green way, to actively build an international platform with co-commerce, co-build, share, win-win principles, and to realize the objectives of GEI and sustainable Development . On a basis of deep research in the field of Energy and electricity, GEIDCO proposes the Global Energy Interconnection Development Index (GEIDI) based on the theory of GEI and the comprehensive evaluation methodology, which systematically reflects the Development level of the Global Energy and power system from such three perspectives as Power Interconnection , Green & Low-Carbon and Energy , Economy, Society and Environment Coordination Development .

3 The proposed GEIDI provides basic analysis and forward-looking reference for governments, international organizations, enterprises, and institutions to carry out policies making, planning research, and investment " Global Energy Interconnection Development Index 2018" firstly introduces the designing ideas and evaluating methodology of the GEIDI. The regional and national GEIDI ranking and the three subindex rankings are then evaluated and analyzed according to the collected data and analysis regarding to Energy , electricity, economy, society, and environment in 140 countries and 10 regions around the world. Finally, a special subject on the GEI Development of countries along the Belt and Road is carried out in this report since the Belt and Road Initiative will have an important impact on the Global Energy system System Theoretical Basis Index Framework Evaluation Principles Evaluation Process 10 Global Ranking Regional Ranking Regional Evaluation Country Ranking 26 Special Subject on the Belt and Road Initiative The Belt and Road Initiative and Global Energy Interconnection Regional Characteristics Country Ranking 107 Conclusion 109 Appendix: Evaluation Methodology 110123 Four challenges The economic and social growth of the mankind has excessively depended on fossil fuel Energy since the industrial revolution, which concurrently brings severe challenges, such as resources constraints, environmental pollution, climate change and serious problem of population without access to electricity.

4 In accordance with the present exploitation intensity, the worldwide explored reserves of coal, petroleum and natural gas can be exploited for only 153 years, 51 years and 53 years, respectively. About million deaths worldwide are caused by air pollution chiefly resulting from the pollutants during Energy consumption each year. Stricter measures must be adopted to control Global greenhouse gas emission within 40 billion tons before 2030 so as to realize the goal of the Paris Agreement. Despite great progress in Global power penetration over the past 30 years, more than 1 billion people still have no access to electricity, which has become an important bottleneck for getting out of System1 Increase electrification, thus enlarging the proportion of electricity in Energy consumption and reducing the total Energy consumption on the premise of ensuring Energy Increase Restore fossil fuel s basic attribute as an industrial raw material to create even greater value in socio-economic Restore Replace fossil fuels with clean alternatives such as solar, wind and hydropower in Energy production.

5 Replace coal, oil and gas by clean electricity from afar in Energy consumption to solve the problems of the over-reliance on fossil fuels and carbon emissions at the BasisSubstantive characteristics GEI reflects the dialectical unity of the theory and practice to facilitate the world Energy system transition. Theoretically, GEI proactively advocates and promotes the Global Energy system to achieve clean, low-carbon, electrified and networked Development . The process of building a Global Energy Interconnection is actually to accelerate the process of implementing Global Energy system transition. In practice, the GEI is a vital platform for massive deployment, transportation and utilization of clean Energy around the world. Due to the uneven distribution of Global clean Energy resources, we must take advantage of UHV and smart grid technologies to promote the formation of an overall Global grid Interconnection so as to achieve clean Energy deployment and to expedite the transition and upgrading of Energy system Development in the processes of Energy production, allocation and consumption worldwide in an all-round way.

6 Energy system transition To cope with the four challenges during Energy Development , prompt actions must be taken to accelerate Energy system transition. The Global Energy Interconnection (GEI) is a modern Energy system strategically oriented to "two replacements, one increase and one restore", led by clean Energy as the domination, electricity as the center, Global Interconnection , co-construction and sharing. In essence, it is a "smart power grid + ultra-high voltage grid + clean Energy " Energy Interconnection Development Index 2018 Index ConnotationBased on the concept of "Green, Win-Win, Collaborative, and Sustainable" and the theory of GEI, the Global Energy Interconnection Development Index (GEIDI) is proposed to reflect the Development level of national and regional power system, Energy system, and economy, society and environment coordination. GEIDI as a comprehensive Index provides an integrated system to demonstrate and analyze the Development level and implementation effectiveness of world s Energy system transition.

7 The GEIDI is composed of three subindexes, namely the Power Interconnection Index the Green & Low-Carbon Index , and the Energy , Economy, Society and Environment Coordination Index , which embody the core essential and strategic value of the GEI in promoting the world's Energy system FrameworkPower Interconnection as the key technologyClean Energy such as wind, solar, and hydropower needs to be converted into electricity for efficient and convenient use, which determines that the Energy system dominated by clean Energy will be the power system in the future. Relying on UHV and smart grid technologies, accelerating power grid Interconnection is a necessary requirement for flexible access to all types of centralized and distributed clean Energy and for meeting the needs in terms of access and service for various types of electrical equipment. It is necessary for each country to advance the popularization of power, the construction of domestic power grids, and transnational power trade across continents step by step according to the different Development stages of power transition of Global primary Energy consumption from high-carbon to low-carbon and from fossil fuel Energy domination to clean electricity domination is a common choice that meets the law of Energy system Development and simultaneously meets the national sustainable Development goals.

8 The clean Energy resources are extensively rich in the world. Promoting the Development and utilization of major river basins for hydropower, wind Energy in Arctic regions and solar Energy in equatorial regions (Arctic and equatorial regions), developing centralized and distributed clean Energy according to national conditions, and accelerating the formation of clean Energy -led Energy systems is the fundamental guarantee for achieving sustainable Development of the GEI to realize Energy system transition will promote world Energy supply system into a new stage characterized by clean Energy as the domination, electricity as the center, and Global allocation. It will meet Global electricity demand in a clean and green way, thus fundamentally addressing environmental pollution and climate change issues, and it plays an important role in sustainable Development for the economy and world s peace and & low-carbon Development as the fundamental orientationEnergy, economy, society and environment coordination as the essential objective 1 Index System7 PII is a subindex that reflects the national and regional electricity popularity, grid structure and Development level, the level of electrification, as well as the Development level of transnational Interconnection .

9 According to these substantial fields, PII is divided into three major aspects: the popularization of electricity, the Development of domestic power grids, and transnational Interconnection . When evaluating popularization of electricity, access rate to electricity, electricity consumption per capita and rate of electricity consumption in total final Energy consumption are selected as the indicators. In terms of Development of power grids, grid structure and Development level and rate of smart meter utilization are selected as the indicators. Imports and exports of electricity and proportion of transnational transmission channel capacity are chosen as the indicators to reflect the Development level of transnational is a subindex reflecting the regional and national Development level of low carbonization and cleanliness of Energy and power systems. It is used to evaluate the degree of clean Energy exploitation and utilization in Energy production and consumption process.

10 In the Energy production, proportion of non-fossil fuel power generation and non-fossil fuel power generation capacity per capita are selected as the indicators, while proportion of non-fossil fuel Energy consumption, CO2 emission per unit Energy consumption and proportion of electric vehicle inventory are selected as the indicators in Energy consumption is a subindex that reflects the security level supported by the Energy and power systems for regional and national economic and social Development , as well as the Development level of coordinated economy, society and environment. The security level by Energy system is evaluated by proportion of commercial Energy consumption and Energy conversion efficiency. Based on the review on international experience and consideration of actual national situation at different stages of Development , GDP per capita, GDP growth rate, air quality ( ), and Gini coefficient are selected as the indicators to reflect Development level of economy, environment, and society, Global Energy Interconnection Development Index frameworkPower Interconnection Index (Electrification and Interconnection )Green & Low-Carbon Index (Clean Energy and clean replacement) Energy , Economy, Society and Environment Coordination Index ( Energy , economy, society and environment coordination Development )