Global Food Waste FAO - MADR

1 Global food Lossesand food WasteJenny Gustavsson, Christel Cederberg & Ulf SonessonSIK The Swedish Institute for food and BiotechnologySave food Congress, D sseldorf 16 May 2011 The assignment Collect, analyze and assemble knowledge on Global food losses and Waste . Knowledge is limited!Two studies:Medium and high income countries:Region 1: Europe (including Russia)Region 2: USA, Canada, Australia & New ZeelandRegion 3: China, Japan, South KoreaLow income countries:Region 4: Sub-Saharan AfricaRegion 5: North Africa, Central Asia & Western AsiaRegion 6: South and Southeastern AsiaRegion 7: Latin Amerika12 ScopeFor each region:Agricultural productionPostharvest handling and storageProcessing and packagingDistributionConsumptionCerealsR oots& tubersFruit& VegetablesOilseeds& pulsesMeatFish& SeafoodMilk& EggsQuestions: Volumes produced?

2 Percentage of losses/ Waste in each step of the food supply chain? Amounts of food lost/wasted? Economic costs of food losses/ Waste ? Energy required for producing losses/ Waste ? Causes of losses/ Waste ? How to prevent losses/ Waste ?Methods Literature study Personal contact with researchers Local FAO-Officers food Balance Sheets food prices (producer + retail) LCA-studies on food production Calculations and combinations of data from different sources Estimations and assumptions!Percentage of Waste -trendsWhole food supply chainLowincomecountries% Step in food supply chainMedium and high incomecountriesVolumes of wasteTotal: SSA: 15-20 Mton 7 billion USD North Africa, Western Asia & Central Asia: 25-30 Mton 12 billion USDS outh & SoutheasternAsia: 85-90 Mton 24 billion USDL atin America: 20-25 Mtons 11 billion USDE xample cereals:0102030405060708090100 Agricultural productionPostharvest handling and storageProcessing and packagingDistributionConsumptionTotalMto nsSSANA,WA&CAS&SE AsiaLAVolumes of waste0102030405060708090100 Agricultural productionPostharvest handling and storageProcessing and packagingDistributionConsumptionTotalMto nsEuropeNA&OceInd.

3 AsiaTotal: Europe: 40-45 Mton 57 billion USD North America & Oceania: 23-37 Mton 33 billion USDI ndustrialized Asia: 90-95 Mton 29 billion USDE xample cereals:Range of wastageCommodity groupTotal in chain (min)Total in chain (max)Cereals19 % (SSA)32% (NAm&Oce)Oil crops and pulses18% (Ind. Asia)29 % (NAf, WA& CA)Roots and tubers33% (NAf, WA&CA)60 % (NAm&Oce)Fruit and vegetables37% (Ind. Asia)55% (NAf,WA&CA)Meat20% (S&SE Asia)27% (SSA)Fish and seafood30% (LA)50% (NAm&Oce)Milk11% ( )25% (SSA)Egg12% (SSA)20% (NAm&Oce)Summary resultsCommodity groupLow incomeHigh incomeTotalCereals155 800161 100316 900 Roots & Tubers123 100121 600244 700 Oilseeds & Pulses31 50011 60043 100 Fruit & Vegetables221 600270 400492 000 Meat2000040 70060 700 Fish & Seafood6 70010 70017 400 Milk & Eggs64 70055 000119 700(1000 tons)Poor storage facilities FAO/Vasily MaximovTajikistan: Man winnowing rice drying in the sunCauses of food losses?

4 Low income countries: emphasis early in the supply chain! Warm/humid climate Rodents Parasites FungusPoor infrastructure and transportation, lack of refrigeration SIK/Friederike ZieglerCauses of food losses?Low income countries: emphasis early in the supply chain! FAO/Diana GiampieroNicaragua: truck loaded with mangoesBangladesh: rickshaws transporting milk from farm to processing plantCauses of food losses?Low income countries: emphasis early in the supply chain!Inadequate market facilities FAO/O. ArgentiPakistan: Trading of food at central market Unsanitary Crowded Lack of refrigerationPoor packagingRwanda Lisa KitinojaRwanda: Large basket of tomatoesRwanda SK RoyRwanda: Large sack of leafy greensCauses of food losses?Low income countries: emphasis early in the supply chain!Causes of food Waste ?High income countries: emphasis late in the supply chain!

5 Quality standards SIKF ruit and vegetables in retail store Photogenic sensors Aestetic defects:-Not bright orange-Blend or blemish-Broken-25-30%Causes of food Waste ?High income countries: emphasis late in the supply chain! food manufacture SIKF rench fries produced from potato Sorted out potatoes (<10%) Trimming scraps (2-12%) Sorted out french fries (1-10%) Transportation lossesduring processing (1-10%)Causes of food Waste ?High income countries: emphasis late in the supply chain!Poor environmental conditions during display SIKF ruit and vegetables in retail store Poor temperature management!-Chilling sensitive too cold-Heat sensitive too warm Major reason for retail wasteof F&V (55%)Causes of food Waste ?High income countries: emphasis late in the supply chain! SIKF ruit and vegetables in retail storeLack of planning limited focus on Waste Central kitchen Local school kitchen Lack of communication/coordination food could not be stored forthe next day trade-off with food safetyCauses of food Waste ?

6 High income countries: emphasis late in the supply chain!Best-before-dates SIKEggs55%, UK householdsFood may still be good to eat!-Best-before-date?-Use-by-date?Cause s of food Waste ?High income countries: emphasis late in the supply chain!Leftovers SIKL eftovers from serving42%, UK householdsFrom: Cooking Preparing ServingHow to prevent food losses?Low income countries:-Local investments-Education-Cooling chain when possible-Improved packaging-Improved market facilitiesHigh income countries:-Improved communication in supply chains-Awareness!-Consumer power-Improved purchase and consumption planning-Education (best-before-dates)How to prevent food Waste ?Conclusions-Losses are largest for Fruit &Vegetables(percentage, volumes, financial, energy)-Substantial gaps in knowledge, throughout the food chain!-Coordinated research is needed-Reducing food losses is an important option to increase food availability