Global technical regulation No. 3 - UNECE

1 ECE/TRANS/180 21 December 2006 Global REGISTRY Created on 18 November 2004, pursuant to Article 6 of the AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE ESTABLISHING OF Global technical regulations FOR WHEELED VEHICLES, EQUIPMENT AND PARTS WHICH CAN BE FITTED AND/OR BE USED ON WHEELED VEHICLES (ECE/TRANS/132 and ) Done at Geneva on 25 June 1998 Addendum Global technical regulation No. 3 MOTORCYCLE BRAKE SYSTEMS (Established in the Global Registry on 15 November 2006) UNITED NATIONS ECE/TRANS/180 page 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page A. STATEMENT OF technical RATIONALE AND JUSTIFICATION .. 4 B. TEXT OF regulation .. 30 1. SCOPE AND PURPOSE .. 30 2. DEFINITIONS .. 30 3. GENERAL 32 4. TEST CONDITIONS, PROCEDURES AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS .. 35 ECE/TRANS/180 page 4 A.

2 STATEMENT OF technical RATIONALE AND JUSTIFICATION 1. INTRODUCTION Motorcycle brake regulations have not kept pace with the advancement of modern technologies. With the improvement of disc brake systems and the recent introduction of new technologies such as anti-lock brake systems (ABS) and combined brake systems (CBS), modern motorcycles can be equipped with very sophisticated and effective braking systems. In addition, the motorcycle manufacturing and testing certification industry has become a Global industry, serving a Global market. Together, the Contracting Parties to the 1998 Agreement and the motorcycle industry, have determined that work should be undertaken to address the braking performance of motorcycles as a means of improving road safety in their countries.

3 The development of a Global technical regulation (gtr) on motorcycle brake systems is intended to reduce the injuries and fatalities associated with motorcycle accidents. The Working Party on Brakes and Running Gear (GRRF) believes that it is time to update current national standards by implementing a harmonized regulation , based on the best practices within existing Contracting Party 1/ national regulations , while taking into account modern brake system technologies. This gtr provides several benefits that would ultimately benefit motorcycle users and other stakeholders. In addition to providing clear and objective test procedures and requirements that can be easily followed, gtr also addresses recently developed technologies, such as CBS and ABS.

4 This is significant, as most regulatory requirements of the Contracting Parties currently do not include such requirements. In addition, since the gtr draws from the best of existing national regulations , each Contracting Party would benefit from the overall gtr in various ways. Several would see additional stopping tests that they did not originally have or that are more stringent. Others would see improvement in test procedures such as an improved wet brake test that simulates in service conditions by spraying water onto the disc rather than immersing the disc in water; a specified burnishing procedure that is more objective; and a specified test sequence that would improve test repeatability. 2. BACKGROUND During the one-hundred-and-twenty-sixth session of the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle regulations ( ) in March 2002, the Executive Committee of the 1998 Global Agreement adopted the 1998 Global Agreement Programme of Work, which included the development of a gtr on motorcycle brake systems.

5 Subsequently, Canada offered to sponsor the gtr on motorcycle braking requirements at the fifty-second session of GRRF, in September 2002. To proceed with the development of the gtr, endorsed Canada's request to establish and chair an informal group on motorcycle brakes, at the one-hundred-and-thirtieth session of in June 2003. 1/ As defined in ECE/TRANS/132 entitled "Agreement concerning the establishing of Global technical regulations for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted and/or be used on wheeled vehicles". ECE/TRANS/180 page 5 Following approval of , Canada initiated and chaired six meetings of the informal group. The meetings were open to all interested parties. Due to the time schedule and nature of the task, discussions on the content of the gtr and research necessary to develop the gtr began on 25 October 2002, prior to the establishment of the informal group.

6 A total of eight meetings concerning the development of a gtr on motorcycle brake systems were held, including two before the informal group was established, as noted below: (a) 25 October 2002, in Montreal, Canada (b) 06 February 2003, in Geneva, Switzerland (c) 16-17 July 2003, in Pisa, Italy. First official meeting by the informal group concerning the gtr on motorcycle brake systems (d) 26-28 April 2004, in Brussels, Belgium. Second meeting by the informal group concerning the gtr on motorcycle brake systems (e) 08-10 November 2004, in Montreal, Canada. Third meeting by the informal group concerning the gtr on motorcycle brake systems (f) 27-29 June 2005, in Munich, Germany. Fourth meeting by the informal group concerning the gtr on motorcycle brake systems (g) 17-19 October 2005, in Brussels, Belgium.

7 Fifth meeting by the informal group concerning the gtr on motorcycle brake systems. (h) 06-07 June 2006, in Washington , United States of America. Sixth meeting by the informal group concerning the gtr on motorcycle brake systems. The attendees for the informal group included representatives of: (a) Canada (Transport Canada) (b) United States of America (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) (c) Italy (d) United Kingdom (e) Japan (f) India (g) IMMA (International Motorcycle Manufacturers Association) (h) FEMA (Federation of European Motorcyclists' Associations) (i) AMA (American Motorcyclist Association) (j) JAMA (Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.) Early work on a motorcycle brake system gtr was initiated by the International Motorcycle Manufacturer's Association (IMMA).

8 They initiated a programme of work at the forty-sixth session of GRRF in September of 2002 with the intention of completing a proposal for a gtr for motorcycle brake systems. In an effort to select the most stringent performance requirements for a gtr, the IMMA conducted an analysis of the relative stringency of three national motorcycle brake system regulations in which the UNECE regulation No. 78, the United States Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard FMVSS No. 122 and the Japanese Safety Standard JSS 12-61 were compared. The subsequent reports, along with proposed provisions of a gtr, were presented at the fifty-first GRRF as informal document No. 15, and at the fifty-third GRRF session as informal document No.

9 26. The United States of America, in a joint project with Canada, conducted a similar study comparing the stringency of the same three national regulations . This report was made available at the fifty-fifth session of GRRF in February of 2004. Despite using different methodologies, ECE/TRANS/180 page 6 the results were very similar to that of the IMMA work. The results of this report were also discussed at a second informal group meeting, held in Brussels. A preliminary consensus was reached among all participants on an outline of the performance requirements of a gtr on motorcycle brake systems. The United States of America and Canada conducted a further performance evaluation study, in which selected motorcycles equipped with anti-lock brake systems were compared to like models without ABS.

10 This report was presented at the third informal group meeting in Montreal. The studies completed by the United States of America, Canada and the IMMA, as well as work completed by the JAMA, provided the basis for the development of the technical requirements of the gtr. Finally, the informal working group undertook a joint, international research project led by the United States of America, to validate proposed performance requirements for the portion of the gtr that deals with ABS. This test experience also served to verify the specified test conditions and procedures, and to make the necessary adjustments to ensure a more realistic approach to evaluating motorcycle braking performance. The first formal proposal for a gtr concerning motorcycle brake systems was presented during the fifty-eighth GRRF session in September 2005, as and A more detailed report on the technical details, deliberations and conclusions, which led to the proposed gtr, was provided separately as informal document No.