GNIPST BULLETIN 2015

1 18-12-2015 GGGNNNIIIPPPSSSTTT BBBUUULLLLLLEEETTTIIINNN 22200011155518th December, 2015 Volume No.: 52 Issue No.: 01 Vision TO REACH THE PINNACLE OF GLORY AS A CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN THE FIELD OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BY KNOWLEDGE BASED LEARNING AND PRACTICE Contents Message from PRINCIPAL Editorial board Historical article News Update Knowledge based Article Disease Related BreakingNews Upcoming Events Drugs Update Campus News Student s Section Editor s Note ArchiveGNIPST Photo Gallery For your comments/contribution OR For Back-Issues, GURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY W e bs i t e : ht t p: / / gni ps t. a c. i n 18-12-2015 MESSAGE FROM PRINCIPAL "It can happen. It does happen. But it can't happen if you quit." Lauren Dane. We are what we repeatedly do.

2 Excellence then is not an act, but a habit. Aristotle It gives me immense pleasure to pen a few words for our e- BULLETIN . At the onset I would like to thank the last year s editors and congratulate the newly selected editors for the current year. Our first consideration is always in the best interest of the students. Our goal is to promote academic excellence and continuous improvement. I believe that excellence in education is aided by creating a learning environment in which all learners are supported in maximizing their potential and talents. Education needs to focus on personalized learning and instruction, while promoting an education system that is impartial, universally accessible, and meeting the needs of all students. It is of paramount importance that our learners have sufficient motivation and encouragement in order to achieve their aims. We are all very proud of you, our students, and your accomplishments and look forward to watching as you put your mark on the profession in the years ahead.

3 The call of the time is to progress, not merely to move ahead. Our progressive Management is looking forward and wants our Institute to flourish as a Post Graduate Institute of Excellence. Steps are taken in this direction and fruits of these efforts will be received by our students in the near future. Our Teachers are committed and dedicated for the development of the institution by imparting their knowledge and play the role of facilitator as well as role model to our students. The Pharmacy profession is thriving with a multitude of possibilities, opportunities and positive challenges. At Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, our focus is on holistic needs of our students. I am confident that the students of GNIPST will recognize all the possibilities, take full advantage of the opportunities and meet the challenges with purpose and determination.

4 Excellence in Education is not a final destination, it is a continuous walk. I welcome you to join us on this path. My best wishes to all. Dr. A. Sengupta Click here to go at the top 1 18-12-2015 EDITORIAL BOARD CHIEF EDITOR DR. ABHIJIT SENGUPTA EDITOR MS. JEENATARA BEGUM ASSOCIATE EDITOR MR. DIPANJAN MANDAL HISTORICAL ARTICLEChen-Ning Yang Early Life and Education Chen-Ning Franklin Yang was born on October 1, 1922, in the city of Hefei, China. His family moved to Beijing when he was young after his father, Wu-Chih, became a Professor of Mathematics at Tsinghua University. His mother, Meng-hua was a housewife. Yang was schooled in Beijing until 1937, when the Japanese invasion of China forced his family to return to Hefei, and then, a year later, move to the city of Kunming. The Japanese Army did not reach Kunming in the south-west of China, although it was bombed by the Japanese Air Force.

5 Yang enrolled at the National Southwestern Associated University in Kunming and was awarded a bachelor s degree in physics in 1942. In 1944 he was awarded a master s degree in physics for his work in statistical mechanics. He was awarded his degree by Beijing s Tsinghua University, which had relocated to Kunming. Yang worked as a teacher until he won a United States government scholarship in 1946, which took him to the University of Chicago. There his doctoral advisor was Edward Teller, the father of the hydrogen bomb. In 1948 Yang was awarded a in physics for his work on nuclear reactions. Click here to go at the top 2 18-12-2015 Chen-Ning Yang s Research Work After the award of his , Yang stayed at Chicago for a year, working with one of the giants of 20th century physics, Enrico Fermi. In 1949 he was invited to become a theoretical physics researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.

6 The Institute had been founded in 1930 with the goal of employing the best mathematicians and physicists in the world; Albert Einstein was there from 1933 until his death in 1955. Parity Conservation Atom Smashing During the 1950s, increasingly complex results had been coming out of particle accelerators and cosmic ray detectors, causing increasing confusion among physicists. The accelerators were pushing ions and particles to enormous speeds, then smashing them into one another. Physicists hoped the debris from the collisions would reveal more about what matter is and how it behaves. Cosmic rays high energy particles reaching Earth from the sun and the stars also produced interesting debris. The debris from both accelerators and cosmic rays contains subatomic particles, which are generally unstable, quickly decaying into other particles.

7 The Meson Problem Two unstable particles, the theta-meson and the tau-meson, were causing a lot of heads to be scratched. In some senses, the theta-meson and the tau-meson looked as if they might be the same particle: their masses and the average time they took to decay into other particles seemed to be the same. The theta-meson and the tau-mesonboth decayed into pi-mesons, usually known as pions. BUT, the theta decayed to produce two pions, while the tau decayed to produce three pions. Click here to go at the top 3 18-12-2015 Most physicists took it as a fundamental law of the universe that when any particle decayed, its parity stayed the same. Parity must never be broken: this meant, in a very simplified way, that the same particle could not possibly decay sometimes into two pions, and at other times into three pions.

8 Physicists believed there was a fundamental symmetry in the universe. If parity were broken, the fundamental symmetry they believed in would also be broken. Physicists regarded parity as a property that was conserved in the same way that energy, momentum, and electric charge are always conserved. Yet the only difference physicists could find between the theta-meson and the tau-meson was that they decayed differently. Otherwise these mesons seemed identical. Yang-Mills Theory Prior to his Nobel Prize winning work, Yang studied the fundamental forces in particle physics and how they relate to one another. The first unification of forces in physics had happened in the 19th century, when James Clerk Maxwell unified the electric and magnetic forces; he showed they were actually manifestations of a single force: the electromagnetic force.

9 In doing so, Maxwell established that light is an electromagnetic wave which carries energy between electric charges. Maxwell s work shook physics to its core. Ever since Maxwell set the ball rolling, physicists have dreamed of uniting all of the forces of nature into one fundamental theory: a theory of everything. In 1954 Yang was doing some work at Brookhaven National Laboratory, where he shared an office with Robert Mills, another young physicist. Bouncing ideas off one another, they developed a new generalization of Maxwell s equations, now called Yang-Mills theory. Click here to go at the top 4 18-12-2015 The theory produces Maxwell s equations as a special case. In addition to explaining electromagnetic forces, Yang-Mills theory also explains interactions between nuclear particles in doing so, it carries physics closer to a theory of everything.

10 Yang-Mills theory now lies at the heart of the Standard Model of particle physics. The Standard Model tries to tie together the electromagnetic force, the weak nuclear force, the strong nuclear force, and all of the subatomic particles into a single consistent system a theory of everything. Yang Mills theory is one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems in mathematics. Anyone solving a Millennium Prize Problem will be awarded $1 million. The Yang-Mills millennium problem asks scientists to rigorously establish quantum Yang-Mills theory and to solve a further Yang-Mills issue known as the mass gap. Today, more than fifty years after it was born, Yang Mills theory is a very active research field in physics. Other Information Yang was married to Chi-Li Tu from 1950 until she died in 2003. He has three children from this marriage. In 2004, he married Weng Fan.