Grade 12 Biology

1 Grade 12 BiologyA Foundation forImplementationGRADE 12 BIOLOGYA Foundation for Implementation2011 Manitoba EducationManitoba Education Cataloguing in Publication DataGrade 12 Biology : a foundation for implementation [electronic resource]Includes bibliographic informationISBN: 978-0-7711-4828-6 1. Biology Study and teaching (Secondary) Manitoba2. Biology Curricula. 3. Biology Study and teaching(Secondary) Manitoba. I. Manitoba 2011, the Government of Manitoba, represented by the Minister ofEducation. Manitoba EducationSchool Programs DivisionWinnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaEvery effort has been made to acknowledge original sources and to comply withcopyright law. If cases are identified where this has not been done, pleasenotify Manitoba Education. Errors or omissions will be corrected in a futureedition. Sincere thanks to the authors, artists, and publishers who allowed theiroriginal material to be used. All images found in this document are copyright protected and should not beextracted, accessed, or reproduced for any purpose other than for theirintended educational use in this websites referenced in this document are subject to change.

2 Educators areadvised to preview and evaluate websites and online resources beforerecommending them for student use. Ce document est disponible en fran copies of this resource can be purchased from the Manitoba TextBook Bureau (stock number 80533). Order online at < >.This resource is also available on the Manitoba Education website at< >. ContentsList of Appendices vAcknowledgements ixIntroduction 1 Background 1 Vision for Scientific Literacy 1 Goals for Canadian Science Education 2 Beliefs about Learning, Teaching, and Assessing Science 2 Changing Emphases in Science 3 Processes That Engage Students in Science Learning 5 Section 1: Manitoba Foundations for Scientific Literacy 1 The Five Foundations 3 The Nature of Science and Technology 4 Science, Technology, Society, and the Environment (STSE) 6 Scientific and Technological Skills and Attitudes 9 Essential Science Knowledge 12 The Unifying Concepts 13 Kindergarten to Grade 10 Science and Grade 11 Biology Topic Chart 15 Section 2: Enhancing Student Learning in Grade 12 Biology 1 Science and the Learning Process 3 Planning with the End in Mind 9 Instruction 14 Assessment 20 Section 3.

3 Document Organization 1 Document Organization and Format 3 Guide to Reading the Learning Outcomes and the Document Format 3 Sample Two-Page Layout 12 Grade 12 BiologyPart 1: GeneticsUnit 1: Understanding Biological inheritance 1 Specific Learning Outcomes 3 Principles of Inheritance 4 Autosomal Inheritance 12 Atypical Inheritance 18 Sex-Linked Inheritance 24 Using Pedigrees 28 Genetic Testing 32 Genetic Variability 40 Chromosome Mutations 44 Unit 1 Appendices 49 Grade12 Biology Contents iiiivContents Grade12 BioloGyUnit 2: Mechanisms of inheritance 1 Specific Learning Outcomes 3 Discovering the Structure of DNA 4 DNA Structure 12 DNA Replication 18 Protein Synthesis 22 Gene Mutation 28 Investigating Applications of Gene Technology in Bioresources 32 Investigating Applications of Gene Technology in Humans 42 Unit 2 Appendices 53 Part 2: BiodiversityUnit 3: evolutionary Theory and Biodiversity 1 Specific Learning Outcomes 3 Defining Evolution 4 The Historical Context 8 Darwin s Theory 14 Adaptation 18 Natural Selection 22 Effects of Natural Selection 28 Artificial Selection 32 Population Genetics 36 Mechanisms for Genetic Variation 42 Speciation 46 Convergent and Divergent Evolution 50 Pace of Evolutionary Change 56 Unit 3 Appendices 63 Unit 4.

4 Organizing Biodiversity 1 Specific Learning Outcomes 3 Defining Biodiversity and Species 4 Classifying Organisms 12 Determining Evolutionay Relationships 18 Domains of Life 24 Investigating Evolutionary Trends 30 Unit 4 Appendices 37 Unit 5: Conservation of Biodiversity 1 Specific Learning Outcomes 3 Maintaining Biodiversity 4 Conservation Strategies 12 Monitoring Biodiversity 22 Investigating a Conservation Issue 28 Unit 5 Appendices 35 General Appendices 1 Bibliography 1vGrade12 Biology Contents List of Appendices Unit 1 appendicesAppendix : The Story of Gregor Mendel (BLM)Appendix : Mendel s Publication Creative Writing Assignment(BLM) Appendix : Student Lab Skills (Teacher Background) Appendix : Lab Skills Checklist General Skills (BLM) Appendix : Lab Skills Checklist Thinking Skills (BLM) Appendix : Scientific Inquiry (BLM)Appendix : Feedback Form for Designing an Experiment (Plan)(BLM)Appendix : Rating Scale for Experimental Design and Report (BLM)Appendix : Genetics Problems 1 (BLM)Appendix : Genetics Problems 1 (Answer Key) Appendix : Genetics Problems 2 (BLM) Appendix : Genetics Problems 2 (Answer Key) Appendix : Genetics Problems 3 (BLM) Appendix : Genetics Problems 3 (Answer Key)Appendix : Using Pedigree Analysis to Solve a Genetic Mystery(BLM)Appendix : Using Pedigree Analysis to Solve a Genetic Mystery(Answer Key)Appendix : Bioethical Dilemmas Scenarios (BLM) Appendix : Decision Making (Teacher Background)Appendix : Collaborative Process Assessment (BLM) Appendix : Self-Assessment of Listening Skills (BLM)Appendix : Letter to the Editor Writing Assignment (BLM) Appendix : Concept Frame (BLM)Unit 2 appendicesAppendix : Mutation (Teacher Background)Appendix : Biological Drawing (BLM) Appendix.

5 Rating Scale for Biological Drawing (BLM) Appendix : Microscope Skills Checklist (Teacher Background) Appendix : Microscope Skills Checklist (BLM) Appendix : Point and Frameshift Mutations (BLM) Appendix : Designing a Genetically Modified Food Crop (BLM)Appendix : Gene Technology Presentation (BLM) Appendix : Gene Technology Presentation Outline Graphic Organizer (BLM) Appendix : Gene Technology Presentation (Teacher Background)Appendix : Assessment Rubric for Gene Technology Presentation (BLM) Appendix : Debating Skills Rubric (BLM)Appendix : Microthemes (Teacher Background)Appendix : Microthemes First Draft Checklist (BLM)Appendix : Microthemes Final Draft Assessment (BLM)Appendix : Gene Technology Microtheme Assignment (BLM)viContents Grade12 BioloGyUnit 3 appendicesAppendix : The Nature of Science Evolution (Teacher Background)Appendix : Evolution Survey (BLM) Appendix : Evolution Survey (Teacher Background) Appendix : The Story of Charles Darwin (BLM) Appendix : Postcards from the Beagle Creative Writing Assignment(BLM) Appendix : Natural Selection Simulation (BLM)Appendix : Natural Selection Simulation (Teacher Background)Appendix : Adaptation (Teacher Background)Appendix : Natural Selection in a Candy Dish (Teacher Background) Appendix : Natural Selection in Legocarnivora (BLM) Appendix : Natural Selection in Legocarnivora (Answer Key) Appendix : Effects of Selection on Variation (Teacher Background) Appendix : Investigating Variation (BLM) Appendix : Investigating Variation (Answer Key) Appendix : Where Did All the Four-Leaf Clovers Go?

6 Case Study(BLM) Appendix : Where Did All the Four-Leaf Clovers Go? Case Study(Answer Key)Appendix : Population Genetics Calculations (BLM)Appendix : Population Genetics Calculations (Answer Key)Appendix : Using the Hardy-Weinberg Principle Equation Investigation (BLM)Appendix : Using the Hardy-Weinberg Principle Equation Investigation (Answer Key)Appendix : Population Bottlenecks and Endangered Species CaseStudy (BLM) Appendix : Population Bottlenecks and Endangered Species CaseStudy (Answer Key)Unit 4 appendicesAppendix : Definition of a Species (Teacher Background)Appendix : Peer Assessment (Teacher Background)Appendix : Guidelines for Peer Assessment (BLM)Appendix : The Changing Nature of Classification (TeacherBackground) Appendix : Species and Systematics Demonstration (TeacherBackground) Appendix : Categorical Reasoning in Biology (BLM) Appendix : The Three Domains of Life (Teacher Background)viiGrade12 Biology ContentsUnit 5 appendicesAppendix.

7 Conserving Biodiversity KWL Chart (BLM)Appendix : Values Clarification (BLM) Appendix : Riparian Zone Assessment (Teacher Background) Appendix : Riparian Zone Assessment (BLM) Appendix : Fieldwork Skills Checklist General Skills (BLM) Appendix : Fieldwork Skills Checklist Thinking Skills (BLM) Appendix : Take a Stand (Teacher Background) Appendix : Take a Stand Scenarios Appendix : Investigating Population Size (BLM) Appendix : Investigating Population Size (Answer Key) Appendix : Co-constructing Assessment Criteria with Students(Teacher Background)Appendix : Checklist for Creating Visuals (BLM)Appendix : Oral Presentation Observation Checklist (BLM)General appendicesAppendix 6: Scientific Communication Appendix 7: Research Appendix 8: Assessment Appendix 9: Developing Assessment Rubrics in Science Appendix 10 Assessment Rubrics Appendix 11: General and Specific Learning Outcomes viiiContents Grade12 BioloGyixGrade12 Biology Acknowledgements ACknowledgementsThis document is based on a draft version ofGrade 12 Biology : A Foundation for Implementation,which was released on the Manitoba Education website in spring 2005.

8 Manitoba Educationgratefully acknowledges the contributions of the following individuals in the development of thedraft and final WriterDonna SmithFaculty of EducationUniversity of WinnipegMembers of the2004 2005 DevelopmentTeamHeidi HolstCurriculum ConsultantLord Selkirk School DivisionGeorges KirouacColl ge r gional Gabrielle-RoyDivision scolaire franco-manitobaineGabe KraljevicWest Kildonan CollegiateSeven Oaks School DivisionLynda MatchullisNellie McClung CollegiatePrairie Spirit School DivisionConnie ShykaBalmoral High SchoolIndependent SchoolDawn SutherlandFaculty of EducationUniversity of WinnipegMark TurnbullGillam SchoolFrontier School DivisionDaniel TurnerInstitut coll gial Miles MacdonellRiver East-Transcona School DivisionRichard ZukSpringfield CollegiateSunrise School DivisionContributorNatalie HouleColl ge ChurchillWinnipeg School DivisionxAcknowledgements Grade12 BioloGyManitoba EducationSchool Programs Division StaffCarole BilykProject ManagerDevelopment UnitInstruction, Curriculum and Assessment BranchLouise BoissonneaultCoordinatorDocument Production Services UnitEducational Resources BranchSandra DrummondAdministrative AssistantDevelopment UnitInstruction, Curriculum and Assessment BranchDarryl GervaisDirectorInstruction, Curriculum and Assessment BranchLynn HarrisonDesktop PublisherDocument Production Services UnitEducational Resources BranchSusan LetkemannPublications EditorDocument Production Services UnitEducational Resources BranchJohn MurrayScience ConsultantDevelopment UnitInstruction, Curriculum and Assessment BranchAileen NajduchScience ConsultantInstruction, Curriculum and Assessment BranchDonna SmithScience ConsultantAssessment UnitInstruction.

9 Curriculum and Assessment BranchBureau de l ducation fran aiseDivision StaffJacques DorgeDirectorCurriculum Development and ImplementationBranchBureau de l ducation fran aiseDani le Dubois-JacquesConsultantCurriculum Development and ImplementationBranchBureau de l ducation fran aiseGrade12 Biology Introduction BackgroundGrade 12 Biology : A Foundation for Implementationpresents student learning outcomesfor Grade 12 Biology . These learning outcomes are the same for students in theEnglish, French Immersion, Fran ais, and Senior Years Technology EducationPrograms, and result from a partnership involving two divisions of ManitobaEducation: School Programs Division and Bureau de l ducation fran aise Division. Manitoba s student learning outcomes for Grade 12 Biology are based, in part, onthose found within the Common Framework of Science Learning Outcomes K to 12: Pan-Canadian Protocol for Collaboration on School Curriculum(Council of Ministers ofEducation, Canada) and on those developed as components of the 1998 ManitobaTransitional Curricula.

10 The former, commonly referred to as the Pan-CanadianScience Framework, was initiated under the Pan-Canadian Protocol for Collaborationon School Curriculum (1995). It was developed by educators from Manitoba,Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories, the YukonTerritory, Ontario, and the Atlantic 12 Biology : A Foundation for Implementationprovides the basis for learning,teaching, and assessing Biology in Manitoba. This document also serves as astarting point for future development of curriculum support documents, relatedteacher support materials, learning resources, assessment tools, and professionallearning for teachers. This document also complements the Pan-Canadian ScienceFrameworkby providing support for its implementation, including suggestions forinstruction and for Scientific LiteracyFactors such as global interdependence, rapid scientific and technologicalinnovation, the need for a sustainable environment, economy, and society, and thepervasiveness of science and technology in daily life reinforce the importance ofscientific literacy.