Group IV Basestocks - utsrus.com

1 Polyalphaolefin Synthetic Basestocks Group IV Basestocks Polyalphaolefins What are Poly Alpha Olefins (PAO)? Synthetic high performance Basestocks Hydrogenated (saturated) olefin polymers Manufactured by the catalytic oligomerization of linear alphaolefins Wax-free combination of molecules of predetermined chain length PAO Manufacturing Process Alpha Olefins + Hydrogen Catalyst +. Catalyst Monomer Oligomerisation Distillation Distillation Hydrogenation PAO. SpectraSyn PAO Structure Many Short Branches CH3 Backbone Uniform Structure With Longer Branches CH3 CH2 CH3. H2 C H2 C H3 C H2C. H2 H2 H2 H2. H3 C C C C C. H3 C CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH CH2. CH CH CH CH CH2. H2 C H2 C H2 C H2 C H2 C. H2 C H2 C H2 C H2 C H2 C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2.

2 CH2. CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2. H2 C H2 C H2 C H2C H2 C. H2 C H2 C H2 C H2C H2 C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2. CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2. H2 C H2 C H2 C H2 C H2 C. H2 C H2 C CH3 H2 C H2C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2. CH2 CH3 CH2 CH3. H2 C H2C H2C H2 C H2 C. H2 C CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3. CH3. Conventional PAO SpectraSyn Ultra High VI PAO. - prominent backbone and relatively - very uniform, comb-like structure uniform structure provides superior - absence of short side chains results in lubricating performance versus rheological advantages providing unique mineral oils lubricant benefits ExxonMobil PAO Manufacture Dedicated reactor trains Full range of viscosity grades (2 - 1000 cSt@100 C). Manufacturing Facilities: USA - Beaumont, Texas France - Port-Jerome Gravenchon Port-Jerome Gravenchon France Beaumont, TX.

3 USA. PAO Key Features Compared to conventional mineral oils, PAOs have Higher viscosity index Lower temperature fluidity Lower volatility Better oxidative stability Greater thermal stability Lower traction force Compared to Group III oils, PAOs have Much wider viscosity range Slightly higher viscosity index PAO. Lower temperature fluidity Gp III. Similar or lower volatility Better oxidative and thermal stability 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200. Viscosity Range Viscosity Index Viscosity change with Temperature PAO's typcially have a higher viscosity index than mineral oil. Lower viscosity at low temperature Mineral Oil Offers increased fluidity. PAO. Equivalent Higher viscosity at viscosity Viscosity high temperature: Offers improved oil film thickness.

4 0 100 150. Temperature, oC. SpectraSyn PAOs Have High Viscosity Indices 350. 300 SpectraSyn Ultra SpectraSyn Ultra . 250. Viscosity Index 200. PAO PIB. 150 PAO. Gp III. 100 Mineral Oil Mineral Oil 50. 0. 1 10 100 1000 10000. Kinematic Viscosity @100 C, cSt At equivalent viscosity, SpectraSyn Ultra is 40 VI higher than high viscosity PAO, enabling formulations with better protection at high temperatures and reduced energy losses and easier starting at low temperatures SpectraSyn PAO High VI Effect 0 oC 40 oC 100 oC. 6000 250 35. Lower Viscosity at 5000 30 Thicker 200 hydrodynamic low 25. 4000 film at high temperature 150 20. 3000 temperature Better 100 15. 2000 Better fluidity & 10. 1000 50 protection energy 5. savings 0 0 0.

5 Viscosity in cSt ISO VG 220 Fluids with HVI-PAO PAO Mineral Oil Low Temperature Fluidity Pour Point SpectraSyn PAO's have lower pour points than mineral oil. 0. -10 Group II. Group III. -20. Pour Point, C. -30. -40. -50. PAO. -60. -70. -80. 2 4 6 8 10 12 14. Kv@100 C (cSt). Trends based on typical data points from product data sheets SpectraSyn PAOs Have Low Pour Points 0. -10. -20. Typical Pour Point, C. Mineral Oil -30 Range SpectraSyn Ultra . -40. -50. SpectraSyn PAO. -60. -70. 1 10 100 1000. Kinematic Viscosity @100 C, cSt Spectrasyn PAOs flow easily at low temperatures. Low Temperature Fluidity Cold Cranking Viscosity 25. 20. Noack, wt%. 15 Conventional PAO. 10. 5 SpectraSyn Plus . 0. 500 1500 2500 3500. CCS@-35 C, cP.

6 SpectraSyn Plus PAO offers improved Low Temperature Fluidity High Temperature Volatility Noack SpectraSyn PAO's generally have lower volatility than mineral oil. 40. Group II. 35. Group III. 30. 25. % Volatility 20. 15. 10. SpectraSyn PAO. 5. 0. 2 4 6 8 10 12 14. Kv@100 C (cSt). Projected trends based on typical data points from product data sheets High Temperature Volatility Noack 25. Group III. 20. Noack, wt%. 15 Conventional PAO. 10 SpectraSyn Plus 5. 0. KV@100 C, cSt SpectraSyn Plus PAO offers improved Noack Volatility Oxidation Stability SpectraSyn PAO's have better oxidative stability than mineral oil. Oxidation Stability Test Good oxidative stability is PAO Vs. Mineral Oil (2% Antioxidant). essential for applications at elevated temperatures with air Mineral Oil 6 cSt 40 cSt 100 cSt contact Product Group II PAO PAO PAO.

7 PAO's show excellent oxidative % Vis Change @ 100 C stability when formulated with TAN change, mg suitable antioxidants Lead loss, mg Sludge moderate nil nil trace PAO's are more responsive to antioxidants than mineral oil. Test Conditions: 163oC (325oF), 72 hours Thermal Stability Cleanliness*. Base Fluid (10 = Clean). cSt Mineral oil 0. cSt PAO cSt PAO / polyol ester Panel Coker Thermal Stability Test 310oC aluminum panel splashed by test oil for 6 min baked for min Panels rated for cleanliness, where 10 = clean. PAO withstands high temperatures with minimum decomposition. Traction Note: Maximum shear stress is the maximum traction force divided by the contact area Maximum Shear Stress (psi). 20000. 15000. Mineral Oil 10000.

8 Conventional PAO. 5000 SpectraSyn Ultra PAO. Lower Traction 0. 100000 150000 200000 250000. Maximum Contact Stress (psi). Scuffing Hypothesis: Scuffing occurs when Frictional Power Intensity (FPI) The low traction of SpectraSyn PAOs may exceeds critical limit. increase allowable gear loading / reduce FPI = (Traction)*(Power)*(V2 - V1) scuffing & improve gear durability 2*A* . SpectraSyn High Viscosity PAO Characteristics SpectraSyn 40 SpectraSyn 100. Specific Gravity C Viscosity @ 100 C, cSt 39 100. Viscosity @ 40 C, cSt 396 1240. Viscosity Index 147 170. Flash Point, Open Cup, C 281 283. Pour Point, C -36 -30. Total Acid Number (TAN), mg KOH/g < < Brookfield Viscosity @ -26 C, cP 102,000 745,000. Fire Point, C 318 330.

9 Demulsibility @ 82 C, 40-40-0, min 0 0. SpectraSyn High Viscosity PAO. ISO / Wt % VG 100 VG 150 VG 220. SpectraSynTM 6 33 17. SpectraSynTM 40 47 63 80. SynessticTM 5 20 20 20. ISO / Wt % VG 150 VG 220 VG 320. SpectraSynTM 6 37 27 16. SpectraSynTM 100 43 55 64. SynessticTM 5 20 20 20. ISO / Wt % VG 100 VG 150 VG 220 VG 320 VG 460 VG 680. SpectraSynTM 6 53 42 31 21 11 1. SpectraSynTM 100 32 43 54 64 74 84. Adipate Ester 15 15 15 15 15 15. SpectraSyn . SpectraSyn High HighViscosity ViscosityPAO. PAOare arethe thekey keybasestock basestockinin formulating formulatingwide wideviscosity viscositygrade gradeindustrial industriallubricants. lubricants. SpectraSyn High Viscosity PAO comparison to PIB. SpectraSyn PIB SpectraSyn PIB PIB.

10 40 A 100 B C. Kinematic Viscosity @ 100 C, cSt 39 31 100 108 52. @ 40 C, cSt 396 590 1,240 3,300 1,225. Viscosity Index (VI) 147 75 170 98 87. Pour Point, C -36 -35 -30 -13 -23. Flash Point, C 281 >141 283 >190 >150. SpectraSyn High Viscosity PAOs have Higher VI, Lower Pour Points and Higher Flash Points than PIBs of Comparable Viscosity SpectraSyn High Viscosity PAO comparison to PIB. Outstanding Low Excellent Tapered Roller Temperature Viscosity Bearing Shear Stability 200000 100. % V is c o s i ty R e te n ti o n , 2 0 h o u r s 180000. B ro o k fie ld V is c o s ity @ -4 0 C , c P. 99. 160000. SpectraSyn 100 98. SpectraSyn 100. SpectraSyn 40. 140000. SpectraSyn 40. 97. 120000. 100000 96. 80000. 95. 60000. 94.