Health workforce, infrastructure, essential …

1 World Health StatiSticS 200995 Health workforce , infrastructure, essential medicinesData on the resources available to the Health system are essential to enable governments to determine how best to meet the Health -related needs of the population. Data indicate that globally, there are 13 physicians per 10 000 population, with large variations between countries and regions. In the African Region, there are only 2 physicians per 10 000 compared with 32 per 10 000 in the European Region. Globally, there are 28 nurses and midwives per 10 000 population, ranging from a low of 11 per 10 000 in the African Region to a high of 79 per 10 000 in the European Region.

2 While there are no gold standards for assessing the sufficiency of the Health workforce , WHO estimates that countries with fewer than 23 Health -care professionals (counting only physicians, nurses and midwives) per 10 000 population will be unlikely to achieve adequate coverage rates for the key primary Health -care interventions prioritized by the Millennium Development of the numbers and density of the Health workforce refer to the active Health workforce : people currently participating in the Health labour market. The data are derived from multiple sources including: national population censuses, labour force and employment surveys, Health facility assessments and routine administrative information systems (including registries on public expenditure, staffing and payroll as well as professional training, registration and licensure).

3 This diversity of sources means there is considerable variability in the coverage and quality of the data and it is not always clear whether both the public and private sectors are included. Hospital beds are used to indicate the availability of inpatient services. There is no global norm for the density of hospital beds in relation to total population. In the European Region, there are 63 hospital beds per 10 000 population compared with 10 per 10 000 in the African Region. Statistics on hospital bed density are generally drawn from routine administrative records but in some settings only public sector beds are included.

4 In most developing countries the availability of medicines where these are provided through public Health facilities at a low cost or free of charge is very poor. In all regions, availability is better in the private sector, but can still be poor. Surveys in about 30 developing countries indicate that only 35 % of selected medicines were available in the public sector and 63 % were available in the private sector. In the private sector, medicines cost on average about 650% more than the international reference price, while in the public sector where patients pay for medicines the average cost is 250% more than the international reference 6966.

5 Health workforce , infrastructure, essential medicinesMember StateHealth workforce aPhysiciansNursing and midwifery personnelDentistry personnelNumberDensity (per 10 000 population)NumberDensity (per 10 000 population)NumberDensity (per 10 000 population)2000 20072000 20072000 2007 Afghanistan 5 970 2 14 9305 900<1 Albania 3 62612 12 74641 1 0353 Algeria 35 36811 69 74922 9 5533 Andorra 24436 25939 467 Angola 1 1651 18 48514 222<1 Antigua and Barbuda12g2g233g33g13g2gArgentina108 800g30g29 000g8g28 900g8gArmenia 11 13337 14 80649 1 2554 Australia 47 87525 187 83797 21 29611 Austria 30 06837 53 78266 4 4675 Azerbaijan 30 76636 71 26584 2 4313 Bahamas312g11g1323g45g21g1gBahrain 1 98027 3 85061 3004 Bangladesh 42 8813 39 4713 2 344<1 Barbados322g12g988g37g63g2gBelarus 46 35948 121 357125 4 6475 Belgium 44

6 12442 146 846142 8 3058 Belize 25111 30313 321 Benin 311<1 5 7898 12<1 Bhutan 52<1 5453 65<1 Bolivia 10 32912 18 09121 5 9977 Bosnia and Herzegovina 5 54014 18 33247 6292 Botswana 7154 4 75327 38<1 Brazil 198 15312 659 11138 190 44811 Brunei Darussalam 40011 2 12061 702 Bulgaria 28 11137 35 02846 6 5129 Burkina Faso 7081 6 5575 58<1 Burundi 200<1 1 3482 14<1 Cambodia 2 0472 11 1259 209<1 Cameroon 3 1242 26 04216 147<1 Canada 62 30719 327 224101 38 31012 Cape Verde 2315 4109 11<1 Central African Republic 3311 1 6134 13<1 Chad 345<1 2 4993 15<1 Chile 17 25011 10 0006 6 7504 China1 862 630141 259 24010 136 5201 Colombia 58 76114 23 9406 33 9518 Comoros 1152 5887 29<1 Congo 7562 3 67210 12<1 Cook Islands 2012 8047 106 Costa Rica 5 20413 3 6539 1 9055C te d'Ivoire 2 0811 10 1806 339<1 Croatia 11 25025 24 87255 3 2307 Cuba 66 56759 83 88074 9 8419 Cyprus 1 95023 3 36140 7159 Czech Republic 36 59536 91 12089 6 9337 Democratic People's Republic of Korea 74 59733 93 41441 8 3154 Democratic Republic of the Congo 5 8271 28 7895 159<1 Denmark 19 28736 54 073101 4 5308 Djibouti 1402 2964 6016.

7 Health workforce , infrastructure, essential medicines97 World Health StatiSticS 2009 Table 6 Health workforce aHospital beds c(per 10 000 population)MDG 8 essential medicinesCommunity Health workersOther Health service providers bMedian availability of selected generic medicines d (%)Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines eNumberDensity (per 10 000 population)NumberDensity (per 10 000 population)PublicPrivatePublicPrivate200 0 20072000 20072000 20082001 20072001 900< 1 24 3 64 5 1 2 21 0002 24 2 11 1951 11 1 499 1 1 2011 2 5481 1 564< 2 651 99<1.

8 154<1 724 1 20 2 2 5 85 2 3 Health workforce , infrastructure, essential medicinesMember StateHealth workforce aPhysiciansNursing and midwifery personnelDentistry personnelNumberDensity (per 10 000 population)NumberDensity (per 10 000 population)NumberDensity (per 10 000 population)2000 20072000 20072000 2007 Dominica38g5g317g42g4g1gDominican Republic 15 67019 15 35218 7 0008 Ecuador 18 33515 20 58617 2 0622 Egypt 179 90024 248 01034 25 1703El Salvador 7 93812 5 1038 3 4655 Equatorial Guinea 1533 2715 15<1 Eritrea 2151 2 5056 16<1 Estonia 4 41433 9 24770 1 1759 Ethiopia 1 936<1 15 5442 93<1 Fiji 3805 1 66020 601 Finland 17 35733 46 93089 4 4909 France 207 27734 486 00680 41 3747 Gabon 3953 6 77850 661 Gambia 1561 1 88113 43<1 Georgia 20 59747 17 87140 1 2693 Germany 284 42734 662 00080 65 6838 Ghana 3 2402 19 7079 393<1 Greece

9 55 55650 40 00036 13 43812 Grenada80g10g326g40g20g2gGuatemala9 965g9g44 986g41g2 046g2gGuinea 9871 4 4085 60<1 Guinea-Bissau 1881 1 0727 22<1 Guyana 3665 1 73823 30<1 Haiti1 949g3g834g1g94g<1gHonduras 3 6766 8 52813 1 3712 Hungary 30 57530 92 17192 4 9975 Iceland 1 12038 2 960101 28610 India 645 82561 372 05913 61 4241 Indonesia 29 4991 179 9598 7 093<1 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 61 8709 98 02016 13 2102 Iraq 19 0107 36 30013 3 4601 Ireland 12 39429 65 415195 2 4146 Israel 25 13837 42 60962 7 72611 Italy 215 00037 403 00072 37 0006 Jamaica 2 2539 4 37417 2121 Japan 270 371211 210 63395 95 1977 Jordan 13 46024 16 77032 4 3308 Kazakhstan 57 51439 113 09876 5 6124 Kenya 4 5061 37 11312 1 340<1 Kiribati 202 26030 3<1 Kuwait 4 84018 9 94037 8103 Kyrgyzstan 12 71024 30 82458 1 0172 Lao People's Democratic Republic 2 0004 5 7 20031 12 84056 1 5617 Lebanon 8 44024 4 72013 3 2609 Lesotho 891 1 1236 16<1 Liberia 103<1 1 0353 13<1 Libyan

10 Arab Jamahiriya 7 07013 27 16048 8502 Lithuania 13 51040 26 14077 2 2497 Luxembourg 1 25527 4 41896 34386. Health workforce , infrastructure, essential medicines99 World Health StatiSticS 2009 Table 6 Health workforce aHospital beds c(per 10 000 population)MDG 8 essential medicinesCommunity Health workersOther Health service providers bMedian availability of selected generic medicines d (%)Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines eNumberDensity (per 10 000 population)NumberDensity (per 10 000 population)PublicPrivatePublicPrivate200 0 20072000 20072000 20082001 20072001 3 125 3086 1 6 13 4332 17 35 69 4123 46 9 8 1 2 35515 2 4 5 50 39311 752 43 25 2424 128 149<1 40 3 4 44 526 21 14 22 2< 1 143< 3 3 1 1 2 Health workforce , infrastructure, essential medicinesMember StateHealth workforce aPhysiciansNursing and midwifery personnelDentistry personnelNumberDensity (per 10 000 population)NumberDensity (per 10 000 population)NumberDensity (per 10 000 population)