Heat Treating Data Book - SECO/WARWICK

1 heat Treating data book Tenth Edition E- book Published by SECO/WARWICK Corporation 180 Mercer St., PO Box 908, Meadville, PA 16335 USA SECO/WARWICK Corp. is a member of the SECO/WARWICK Group (SWG) of companies The SECO/WARWICK heat Treating data book contains information about heat Treating metals. This book is not intended as a text, but rather as a collection of frequently used reference data to serve persons interested in heat Treating technology. If it saves you time, we feel it will have accomplished its purpose.

2 The information herein has been compiled from sources which we believe to be reliable, but we assume no responsibility or liability for its accuracy or for the result of any application made, nor do we assume any liability for infringement of any patent which may result from the application of such information. 2011 SECO/WARWICK All Rights Reserved 1 2 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Steel data 5 - STEEL SPECIFICATIONS 5 BASIC NUMBERING SYSTEM FOR SAE STEELS 5 TABLE 1A - CARBON STEEL COMPOSITIONS APPLICABLE TO SEMIFINISHED PRODUCTS FOR FORGING, HOT ROLLED AND COLD FINISHED BARS, WIRE RODS, AND SEAMLESS TUBING 7 TABLE 1B - CARBON STEEL COMPOSITONS APPLICABLE ONLY TO STRUCTURAL SHAPES, PLATES, STRIP, SHEETS AND WELDED TUBING 9 TABLE 2A - FREE CUTTING (RESULFURIZED)

3 CARBON STEEL COMPOSITIONS 11 TABLE 2B - FREE CUTTING (REPHOSPHORIZED AND RESULFURIZED) CARBON STEEL COMPOSITIONS 12 TABLE 3A - HIGH MANGANESE CARBON STEEL COMPOSITIONS 13 TABLE 3B - HIGH MANGANESE CARBON STEEL COMPOSITIONS 14 TABLE 4 - CARBON STEEL CAST OR heat CHEMICAL LIMITS AND RANGES 15 TABLE 5 - CARBON STEEL CAST OR heat CHEMICAL LIMITS AND RANGES 17 TABLE 1A - LOW-ALLOY STEEL COMPOSITIONS APPLICABLE TO BILLETS, BLOOMS, SLABS, AND HOT-ROLLED AND COLD-FINISHED BARS 18 TABLE 1B - COMPOSITION RANGES AND LIMITS FOR AISI-SAE STANDARD LOW-ALLOY STEEL PLATE APPLICABLE FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS 21 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION LIMITS.

4 % 23 FUNCTIONS OF THE STEEL MAKING ELEMENTS IN QUANTITIES NORMALLY USED IN CONSTRUCTIONAL ALLOY STEELS 26 Chapter 2 -Aluminum Metallurgy 27 ALUMINUM 101 27 EFFECT OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS 29 Chapter 3 - Protective Atmospheres 31 GUIDE TO RECOMMENDED USE OF SECO/WARWICK ATMOSPHERE GENERATORS 31 DEWPOINT VERSUS CARBON CONTENT 33 DEWPOINT AND MOISTURE CONTENT OF GASES 34 ATMOSPHERE AIR-GAS RATIOS 35 Exothermic atmosphere from natural gas 35 (90% CH, C H, 5% N)4262 35 3 ATMOSPHERE AIR-GAS RATIOS 36 Endothermic atmosphere from natural gas 36 (90% CH, C H, 5% N)

5 4262 36 Chapter 4 - Steel Typical heat Treatments 37 TABLE 1 - CASE HARDENING GRADES OF CARBON STEELS 37 TABLE 2 - heat Treating GRADES OF CARBON STEELS 39 HARDENABILITY CHART 41 TABLE 3 - CARBURIZING GRADES OF ALLOY STEELS 42 TABLE 4 - DIRECTLY HARDENABLE GRADES OF ALLOY STEELS 44 MEAN CARBON CONTENT OF SAE SPECIFICATION, % 46 TABLE 5 - GRADES OF CHROMIUM-NICKEL AUSTENITIC STEELS NOT HARDENABLE BY THERMAL TREATMENT 46 TABLE 6 - STAINLESS CHROMIUM STEELS 47 TABLE 7 - WROUGHT STAINLESS STEELS OF special MACHINABILITY 48 NORMALIZING AND ANNEALING TEMPERATURES OF TOOL STEELS 49 heat Treating OF TOOL STEELS 51 HARDNESS VS.

6 TEMPERING TEMPERATURE 55 CARBURIZING TIMES AND TEMPERATURES 56 CARBONITRIDING CHART 57 HARDNESS VS. CARBON CONTENT 58 Chapter 5 -Vacuum heat Treatment 59 INTRODUCTION 59 GAS QUENCHING TECHNOLOGY 60 6, 10, and 20 Bar Furnace Applications 60 TABLE I - HARDNESS OF VARIOUS ALLOY STEELS IN 6, 10 AND 20 BAR QUENCH VACUUM FURNACE 62 CONVECTION HEATING 64 CONVECTION vs. TRADITONAL HEATING RATES 65 Isothermal Quench Marquench 65 LPC VACUUM CARBURIZING 66 PRE-NITRIDING, LPC VACUUM CARBURIZING PROCESS ADVANCEMENT 71 Chapter 6 - Hardness Conversion Tables 78 ROCKWELL SCALE - HARDENED STEEL AND HARD alloys 78 ROCKWELL SCALE - SOFT STEEL, GRAY AND MALLEABLE CAST IRON.

7 AND MOST NONFERROUS METALS 80 Chapter 7 - Miscellaneous data 83 COLORS OF HARDENING AND TEMPERING HEATS 83 4 WEIGHTS AND MELTING POINTS 84 TIME ALLOWANCES HEATING FOR HARDENING 85 TABLE OF APPROXIMATE HEATING TIMES FOR TEMPERING 86 heat CONTENT OF METALS AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES 87 COMPOSITION HARDNESS 88 COOLING RATE CHARTS 90 CALCULATION OF END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY BASED ON ANALYSIS 91 MULTIPLYING FACTORS FOR CARBON PER GRAIN SIZE 92 MULTIPLYING FACTORS FOR ALLOYING ELEMENTS 94 RELATION BETWEEN Dl AND DIVIDING FACTORS FOR VARIOUS DISTRANCES FROM QUENCHED END 95 QUENCHING NOTES 98 TEMPERATURE CONVERSIONS OF F AND C SCALES 99 PRESSURE CONVERSION FACTORS 101 WEIGHT AND CONVERION FACTORS 102 heat LOSS/INSULATION CALCULATOR 103 COMBUSTION FLOW EQUATIONS 104 ENGLISH METRIC CONVERSIONS 107 References 113 5 Chapter 1 Steel data - STEEL SPECIFICATIONS BASIC NUMBERING SYSTEM FOR SAE STEELS Numerals & Digits Type of Steel & Nominal Alloy Content, % CARBON STEELS 10xx(a) Plain Carbon (Mn max)

8 11xx Resulphurized 12xx Resulphurized & Rephosphorized 15xx Plain Carbon (max Mn range-over ) MANGANESE STEELS 13xx Mn NICKEL STEELS 23xx Ni 25xx Ni NICKEL-CHROMIUM STEELS 31xx Ni ;Cr and 32xx Ni ;Cr 33xx Ni ;Cr and 34xx Ni ;Cr MOLYBDENUM STEELS 40xx Mo and 44xx Mo and CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM STEELS 41xx Cr , and ;Mo , , and NICKEL-CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM STEELS 43xx Ni ; Cr and ; Mo 43 BVxx Ni ; Cr ; Mo and ;V minimum 47xx Ni ; Cr ; Mo and 81xx Ni ; Cr ; Mo 86xx Ni ; Cr ; Mo 87xx Ni ; Cr ; Mo 88xx Ni ; Cr ; Mo 93xx Ni ; Cr ; Mo 94xx Ni ; Cr ; Mo 697xx Ni ; Cr ; Mo 98xx Ni ; Cr ; Mo NICKEL-MOLYBDENUM STEELS 46xx Ni and ; Mo and 48xx Ni.

9 Mo CHROMIUM STEELS 50xx Cr , , and 51xx Cr ; , , , and CHROMIUM (bearing) STEEL 501xx Cr 511xx Cr 521xx Cr CHROMIUM VANDIUM STEEL 61xx Cr , and ; V & minimum TUNGSTEN CHROMIUM STEEL 72xx W ; Cr SILICON MANGANESE STEEL 92xx Si and ; Mn , and ; Cr 0 and HIGH-STRENGTH LOW-ALLOY STEEL 9xx Various SAE grades BORON STEEL xxBxx B denotes Boron Steel LEADED STEEL xxLxx L denotes Leaded Steel (a) The xx in the last two digits of these designations indicates that the carbon content (in hundredths of a percent) is to be inserted.

10 Source: ASM Handbook Vol. 1, page 148, table 11. 7 TABLE 1A - CARBON STEEL COMPOSITIONS APPLICABLE TO SEMIFINISHED PRODUCTS FOR FORGING, HOT ROLLED AND COLD FINISHED BARS, WIRE RODS, AND SEAMLESS TUBING UNS # SAE # Cast or heat chemical ranges and limits, % (a) C Mn P, max S, max G10050 1005 max max G10060 1006 max G10080 1008 max G10100 1010 G10120 1012 G10130 1013 G10150 1015 G10160 1016 G10170 1017 G10180 1018 G10190 1019 G10200 1020 G10210 1021