HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL

1 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL chapter 2 DESIGN Criteria Revision 96 (Limited Revision) April 15, 2021 Issued by Engineering Bulletin 21-020 Effective with DESIGN Approval on or after September 1, 2021 DESIGN CRITERIA 2-2 EB 21-020 09/01/2021 Section Changes Culvert Replacement New subsection of Project Types that describes Culvert Rehabilitation and New and Replacement Culvert projects Safety Projects (formerly Safety Projects) Project type description revised to more clearly define safety projects. Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities in the Public Right-of-Way (PROWAG) Updated broken links to guidelines on US Access Board website.

2 For consistency with existing text in , text was modified slightly to state that establishes is the basis of the Department s standards for accessible pedestrian facilities within HIGHWAY rights of way. Exhibit 2-1a Flowchart exhibit replaced with table and title revised to Shoulder Width Considerations for Bicycles Section renamed Lane and Shoulder Width Considerations for Bicycles . Text revised to provide improved guidance for bicycling considerations for the new context classes that were in corporated in to Revision 92. Exhibit 2-1b Superelevation Rate 8% added as an allowable superelevation table fo r Urban Interstates, Other Freeways, Expressways and Parkways with LOS E or F at ETC and Suburban Arterials and Collectors.

3 Note 1 added to table to clarify use of either the 6% superelevation or 8% superelevation. Horizontal Curve Radius Text revised to clarify how horizontal curve radii are measured. Exhibits 2-3, 2-3a, 2-4, 2-4a, 2-5, 2-5a, 2-6, 2-6a, 2-7, 2-7a, 2-8, 2 -8a Exhibit notes revised to refer to Section , providing improved guidance for bicycling considerations for the new context classes that were in corporated into Revision 92. Exhibit 2-6a Typo corrected: Minimum Radius Curve (ft) emax = 4% in lower right heading changed to emax = 6% Exhibit 2-7a Typo corrected in Note 8: Shoulders may be 4 ft. where speeds are < 40 mph. Speed Change Lanes Text added to allow 15% reduction in acceleration lane length, in certain conditions, based on recommendations in NCHRP 730 DESIGN Guidance for Freeway Mainline Ramp Terminals Exhibit 2-9 (Tr aveled Way Widths for Ramps and Turning Roadways) Table revised to reflect errata changes to 7th Edition of AASHTO s A Policy on Geometric DESIGN of Highways and Streets, 2018.

4 Collector-Distributor Roads Text revised to clarify DESIGN criteria and DESIGN speeds for collector-distributor roads in relation to the adjacent mainline road. Exhibit 2-15 Nonstandard Feature Justification The forms available on the HDM chapter 2 webpage have been revised to include additional information in the instructions about DESIGN speed and recommended speed. The .pdf version of the form that is available on the HDM chapter 2 webpage has been revised to add "Left" and "Right" shoulder options and "Other" selections under "1. Type of Feature". References Added NCHRP 730 DESIGN Guidance for Freeway Mainline Ramp Terminals DESIGN CRITERIA 2-3 EB 21-020 09/01/2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.

5 5 PROJECT TYPES .. 7 Pavement Preventive and Corrective Maintenance .. 7 3R - Resurfacing, Restoration and Rehabilitation .. 7 Reconstruction and New Construction .. 7 Minor Intersection Reconstruction .. 8 Major Intersection Reconstruction .. 8 Bridge Projects .. 8 Culvert Replacement .. 9 Additional Information .. 9 DESIGN CRITERIA SOURCES .. 10 A Policy on Geometric DESIGN of Highways and Streets .. 10 A Policy on DESIGN Standards, Interstate System .. 10 NYSDOT Bridge MANUAL .. 10 NYSDOT Guidelines for the Adirondack Park .. 10 Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities in the Public Right-of-Way (PROWAG) .. 11 Urban Street DESIGN 11 National Cooperative HIGHWAY Research Program (NCHRP).

6 11 FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF HIGHWAYS AND CONTEXT CLASSES .. 12 Functional Classification of Highways .. 12 Context Classes .. 14 PROJECT DATA .. 22 Traffic .. 22 Terrain .. 23 Special Routes .. 23 CRITICAL DESIGN ELEMENTS .. 26 DESIGN Speed .. 26 Lane Width .. 27 Shoulder Width .. 30 Horizontal Curve Radius .. 30 Superelevation .. 31 Stopping Sight Distance (Horizontal and Vertical) .. 32 Maximum Grade .. 32 Cross Slope .. 32 Vertical Clearance .. 33 DESIGN Loading Structural Capacity .. 33 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Compliance .. 33 STANDARDS .. 34 Interstates and Other Freeways .. 34 Arterials .. 38 Collector Roads and Streets.

7 50 Local Roads and Streets .. 62 Other Roadways .. 74 REQUIREMENTS FOR JUSTIFICATION OF NONSTANDARD FEATURES .. 89 Definition and Procedures .. 89 Technical Discrepancies .. 89 Documentation .. 89 REFERENCES .. 96 DESIGN CRITERIA 2-4 EB 21-020 09/01/2021 LIST OF EXHIBITS Exhibit 2-1 Functional Classification & Context Class of Highways - Various Sources .. 21 Exhibit 2-1a Shoulder Width Considerations for Bicycles .. 29 Exhibit 2-1b Superelevation Rate (Applies to NHS and non-NHS) .. 31 Exhibit 2-2 DESIGN Criteria for Interstates and Other Freeways .. 37 Exhibit 2-3 DESIGN Criteria for Non-NHS Rural Arterials.

8 40 Exhibit 2-3a DESIGN Criteria for NHS Rural Arterials .. 43 Exhibit 2-4 DESIGN Criteria for Non-NHS Rural Town, Suburban, Urban, and Urban Core Arterials .. 46 Exhibit 2-4a DESIGN Criteria for NHS Rural Town, Suburban, Urban, and Urban Core Arterials .. 49 Exhibit 2-5 DESIGN Criteria for Non-NHS Rural Collectors .. 52 Exhibit 2-5a DESIGN Crite ria for NHS Rural Collectors .. 55 Exhibit 2 -6 DESIGN Criteria for Non-NHS Rural Town, Suburban, Urban, and Urban Core Collectors .. 58 Exhibit 2-6a DESIGN Criteria for NHS Rural Town, Suburban, Urban, and Urban Core Collectors .. 61 Exhibit 2-7 DESIGN Criteria for Non-NHS Local Rural Roads .. 64 Exhibit 2-7a DESIGN Criteria for NHS Local Rural Roads.

9 67 Exhibit 2-8 DESIGN Criteria for Non-NHS Local Rural Town, Suburban, Urban, and Ur ban Core Streets .. 70 Exhibit 2-8a DESIGN Criteria for NHS Local Rural Town, Suburban, Urban, and Urban Core Streets .. 73 Exhibit 2-9 Traveled Way Widths for Ramps and Turning Roadways .. 78 Exhibit 2-10 DESIGN Criteria for Turning Roadways Not Connecting to the NHS .. 79 Exhibit 2-10a DESIGN Criteria for Turning Roadways Connecting to the NHS .. 79 Exhibit 2-11 Minimum Radii and Superelevation for Low-Speed Non-NHS Urban Highways and Streets .. 82 Exhibit 2-11a Minimum Radii and Superelevation for Low-Speed NHS Urban Highways and Streets .. 83 Exhibit 2-12 Minimum Radii for DESIGN Superelevatio n Rates, DESIGN Speeds, and emax = 4% (Non-NHS).

10 84 Exhibit 2-12a Minimum Radii for DESIGN Superelevation Rates, DESIGN Speeds, and emax = 4% (NHS) .. 84 Exhibit 2-13 Minimum Radii for DESIGN Superelevation Rates, DESIGN Speeds, and emax = 6% (Non-NHS) .. 85 Exhibit 2-13a Minimum Radii for DESIGN Superelevation Rates, DESIGN Speeds, and emax = 6% (NHS) .. 86 Exhibit 2-14 Minimum Radii for DESIGN Superelevation Rates, DESIGN Speeds, and emax = 8% (Non-NHS) .. 87 Exhibit 2-14a Minimum Radii for DESIGN Superelevation Rates, DESIGN Speeds, and emax = 8% (NHS) .. 88 Exhibit 2-15 Nonstandard Feature Justification Form .. 91 Exhibit 2-15a Nonstandard Feature Justification Form for Pedestrian Facilities .. 92 Exhibit 2-16 DESIGN Criteria Table.