HISTORY - edupub.gov.lk

1 HISTORYG rade 10 Educational Publications DepartmentiiFirst Print 2014 Second Print 2015 Third Print 2017 Fourth Print 2018 Fifth print 2020 All Rights Reserved ISBN - 978 - 955 - 25 - 0663 - 5 Published by Educational Publications DepartmentPrinted at Printek (Pvt) ,765/2, Waduwegama Road, MalwanaiiiThe National Anthem of Sri LankaSri Lanka MathaApa Sri Lanka Namo Namo Namo Namo MathaSundara siri barinee, surendi athi sobamana LankaDhanya dhanaya neka mal palaturu piri jaya bhoomiya ramya Apa hata sepa siri setha sadana jeewanaye mathaPiliganu mena apa bhakthi pooja Namo Namo MathaApa Sri Lanka Namo Namo Namo Namo MathaOba we apa vidya Obamaya apa sathyaOba we apa shakthi Apa hada thula bhakthiOba apa aloke Apage anupraneOba apa jeevana we Apa mukthiya oba weNava jeevana demine, nithina apa pubudukaran mathaGnana veerya vadawamina regena yanu mena jaya bhoomi karaEka mavakage daru kela bevinaYamu yamu vee nopamaPrema vada sema bheda dureradaNamo.

2 Namo MathaApa Sri Lanka Namo Namo Namo Namo MathaivvForewordThe Educational Publications Department which is entrusted with the responsibility of providing a free textbook to the students by the government fulfills the duty diligently in each year for the student community which exceeds 04 million. Without limiting to the above mentioned important task, the Educational Publications Department is engaged in producing supplementary reading materials for Advanced Level and other higher examinations. As a result of that process, valuable books with the contribution of subject experts in different fields are sold at a concessionary price. These supplementary reading materials can be an excellent source of knowledge for those who sit for examinations and for the reading public who is interested in reading different academic books.

3 I would like to compliment the subject experts and the staff of the Educational Publications Department who contributed to produce this book. I would like to extend my thanks to you who justify the following saying by George R. R. Martin A person who reads books lives thousand lives before his death. Those who don t read have only one life .P. N. IlapperumaCommissioner General of Educational PublicationsEducational Publications DepartmentIsurupayaBattaramulla26 - 06 - 2020viMonitoring and Supervision - P. N. Ilapperuma Commissioner General Educational Publications DepartmentDirection - W. A. Nirmala Piyaseeli Commissioner (Development) Educational Publications Department Co-ordination - Ranjith Iluppitiya Deputy Commissioner Educational Publications Department - W.

4 Indumini Darshika Deputy Commissioner Educational Publications DepartmentPanel of Editors 1. Prof. Raj Somadewa - Postgraduate Institute of Archaeology University of Kelaniya2. Prof. Rev. Hanguranketha Deerananda - Department of HISTORY University of Peradeniya3. Prof. Padmasiri Kannangara - Department of HISTORY University of Sri Jayawardhanapura4. Dr. Anusha Senadhiraja - Department of HISTORY South - Eastern University 5. W. S. Shiromala Gunawardhana - Lecturer National Institute of EducationviiPanel of Writers1. K. S.

5 Ranjani - In-Service - Adviser Zonal Education Office, Horana2. Thilakalatha - Teacher Kannangara , Borella3. Sister Mary Doneta - Retired Deputy Principal4. Piyasili - Teacher National School, Allawwa5. Marikkar - In-Service - Adviser Zonal Education Office, Wattegama6. Baseer - Retired In-Service - Adviser Translation - Aloka Bandara Master Trainer Language Editing - W. Indumini Darshika Assistant Commissioner Educational Publications Department Illustrations - Chandrika Neelamani Jayasingha Cover Page, Page Layout, Map Design - Charani Nishamini Alahakoonand Type Setting Educational Publications DepartmentviiiMessage from the Panel of Editors In simple terms, HISTORY is the story of how the human generation behaved in the past.

6 What is important in that respect is to focus our attention on how they acted as a common society. Then we see distinctly the numerous continuations that the human society maintained throughout time and changes that occurred in them. The historical implications that are important for a historian can be understood by that. The strategies employed by the people who lived in ancient societies to maintain their existence safely and in a balanced manner, the philosophy behind it, and all the victories and failures are included in the HISTORY . The political projects of the leaders don't solely represent the total HISTORY . From the ordinary farmer who fights with the rough earth in the burning sun rays of the dry zone to the kings and ministers and the buddhist clergy who advised them wisely contributed in different levels to create the HISTORY of this country. Therefore, it is essential that a student learns the nature of their contribution in the HISTORY .

7 It will pave the way to create a pre understanding of the service that he or she can render to the society. This textbook has been compiled based on that standpoint. We can obtain some kind of an experience by looking into the way our ancestors faced the challenges which are similar to the problems that we face today. A society which is blessed by the virtues in the HISTORY does not destroy itself easily. A society becomes weak against new challenges when the immunity created in the society by the historical heritage and perception become weak. The content and the finish have been prepared by the panel of writers and editors with the aim of creating a sensitivity in the hearts of the children about HISTORY as an interesting story. We hope that our attempt will be ImportantThe lessons of this textbbok are compiled according to the syllabus of HISTORY prepared to be implemented from 2015.

8 The facts in italic in the lessons compiled to create more knowledge and interest whithin the students about thier HISTORY , are used to reinforce the relevant subject matter and thus they do not need to be memorized. The Panel of Editors25th of May 2014At the Educational Publications DepartmentixContentsPage Classification of Sources 1 Importance of Learning HISTORY 6 Protecting Archaelogical Sources 71. Sources of Studying HISTORY 1 Settlements in the Pre-historic Era 10 Settlements in Proto-historic Era 19 Settlements in Early Historic Era 232.

9 Ancient Settlements 10 Pre-state Era 31 The Concept of State 38 Great Kings Who ruled This Country 403. Evolution of Political Power in Sri Lanka 31 The Nature of Ruling 44 Economy 47 Culture 544. The Ancient Society of Sri Lanka 44 Early Stages of Scientific Ideas 63 The Maturity of Scientific Usage 655.

10 The Ancient Science and Technology in Sri Lanka 63x Background of the Urban Life 91 The First Urbanization 92 Downfall of Polonnaruwa 95 The Second Urbanization 967. Decline of Ancient Cities in the Dry Zone and Origin of New Kingdoms in South West 91 Beginning and Expansion 106 The Administrative Structure of the Kandyan Kingdom 112 Economic System 114 Social Organization 1158.