Human Development Report 2019 - United Nations …

1 Human Development Report 2019. Empowered lives. Beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today: Resilient Nations . Inequalities in Human Development in the 21st century The 2019 Human Development Report is the latest in the series of global Human Development Reports published by the United Nations Development programme ( undp ) since 1990 as independent, analytically and empirically grounded discussions of major Development issues, trends and policies. Additional resources related to the 2019 Human Development Report can be found online at , including digital versions and translations of the Report and the overview in more than 10 languages, an interactive web version of the Report , a set of background papers and think pieces commissioned for the Report , interactive data visualizations and databases of Human Development indicators, full explanations of the sources and methodologies used in the Report 's composite indices, country profiles and other background materials as well as previous global, regional and national Human Development Reports.

2 Cor- rections and addenda are also available online. The cover conveys the inequalities in Human Development of a changing world. The dots in different colors represent the com- plex and multidimensional nature of these inequalities. The shad- ow of the climate crisis and sweeping technological change, evoked by the color of the cover background that suggests heat, will shape progress in Human Development in the 21st century. Copyright @ 2019 By the United Nations Development programme 1 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission.

3 Sales no.: ISBN: 978-92-1-126439-5. eISBN: 978-92-1-004496-7. Print ISSN: 0969-4501. eISSN: 2412-3129. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library and Library of Congress General disclaimers. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Human Development Report Office (HDRO) of the United Nations Development programme ( undp ) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.

4 The findings, analysis, and recommendations of this Report , as with previous Reports, do not represent the official position of the undp or of any of the UN. Member States that are part of its Executive Board. They are also not necessarily endorsed by those mentioned in the acknowledgments or cited. The mention of specific companies does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by undp in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Where indicated, some figures in the analytical part of the Report were estimated by the HDRO or other contributors and are not necessarily the official statistics of the concerned country, area or territory, which may be based on alternative methods. All the figures used to calculate the Human Development composite indices are from official sources.

5 All reasonable precautions have been taken by the HDRO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the HDRO and undp be liable for damages arising from its use. Printed in the USA, by AGS, an RR Donnelley Company, on Forest Stewardship Council certified and elemental chlorine-free papers. Printed using vegetable-based ink. Human Development Report 2019. Beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today: Inequalities in Human Development in the 21st century Published for the United Nations Development programme ( undp ).

6 Empowered lives. Resilient Nations . Human Development Report 2019 Team Director and lead author Pedro Concei o Research and statistics Jacob Assa, Cecilia Calderon, George Ronald Gray, Nergis Gulasan, Yu-Chieh Hsu, Milorad Kovacevic, Christina Lengfelder, Brian Lutz, Tanni Mukhopadhyay, Shivani Nayyar, Thangavel Palanivel, Carolina Rivera and Heriberto Tapia Production, communications, operations Botagoz Abdreyeva, Oscar Bernal, Andrea Davis, Rezarta Godo, Jon Hall, Seockhwan Bryce Hwang, Admir Jahic, Fe Juarez Shanahan, Sarantuya Mend, Anna Ortubia, Yumna Rathore, Dharshani Seneviratne, Elodie Turchi and Nu Nu Win External contributors Chapter 3 (by the World Inequality Lab): Lucas Chancel, Denis Cogneau, Amory Gethin, Alix Myczkowski and Thomas Piketty Boxes and spotlights: Elizabeth Anderson, Michelle Bachelet, Bas van Bavel, David Coady, James Foster, Nora Lustig and Ben Philips ii | Human Development Report 2019.

7 HANGING. PROVING. ELIVERING. Foreword The wave of demonstrations sweeping across further entrench inequalities and consolidate countries is a clear sign that, for all our pro- the power and political dominance of the few. A REMARKABLE YEAR FOR. gress, something in ourUNDP. They reinforce globalized society is a trait What we Iare haveseeingcometoday toisadmire in of the crest thisa not working. wave of inequality. What happens next comes rst full year of implementing a new organisation: its potential to take change to scale. Different triggers are bringing people onto down to choice. Just as inequality begins at an a plan built to the streets: thehelp cost of a train ticket, It countries theisprice a potential birth,we need defines thetofreedom fulfill toand support coun- opportunities of petrol, political demands for independence.

8 Of children, adults and elders, tries in meeting the ambition of the 2030 Agenda. and permeates he Sustainable Development Goals. A connecting thread, though, is deep and those of the next generation, so, too, policies rising frustration with inequalities. to prevent inequalities can follow the lifecycle. change forUnderstanding the United Nations , we today's how to address In 2018, dis- weFromdemonstrated pre labour market that investments we are up to in the quiet requires h our partners to help looking Beyond people getIncome,theBeyond health and challenge, with nutrition of young children the highest programmeto in . Averages and Beyond Today, as this Human and post labour market investments around et and stay there meeting Development Report setsshort-out to do.

9 Delivery inaccess five to years, capital,restored minimumfinancial wages andstabli- social Too often, inequality s while laying the foundations for a is framed around eco- ty, increased efficiency and a geographically-a services, politicians and policymakers have nomics, fed and measured by the notion that battery of choices that, if correctly combined making money is the most importantdiverse, nfident future. thing in gender-balanced for the context of each country leadership team or group, will life. even astranslate we poweredinto a lifelong UN investment reform and, in equality now, and the Lake But Chad societiesregion, are creaking thoughunder the strain of and sustainability. this assumption, and while people may step protest back Making from coordinating those choices starts United with aNations commit- fragility continue to block the arter- to keep pennies in their pockets, power is the inment agencies thetocountries tackling the wecomplexity serve.

10 Of Human ess, we saw protagonist a new of way thisofstory: workingthe power of the Development to pushing the boundaries to few; the powerlessness of many; and collective help countries and communities realize the umanitarianpower andofdevelopment the people to demand actorschange. As Administrator, it was a true pleasure to lead Sustainable Development Goals. ridging life-saving Going beyondresponse income with requirethe willre- tackling#NextGenUNDP. This is the mission transformation at the heart of theduring United entrenched interests the social and political Nations Development programme , working Development . 2018, disrupting how we think, invest, manage norms embedded deep within a nation's or a together with the 170 countries and territories group's history and culture.