Transcription of Hydrogen: A renewable energy perspective
1 Hydrogen: A renewable energy PERSPECTIVESEP TEMBER 2019 Report prepared for the 2nd Hydrogen energy Ministerial Meeting in Tokyo, japan IRENA 2019 Unless otherwise stated, material in this publication may be freely used, shared, copied, reproduced, printed and/or stored, provided that appropriate acknowledgement is given to IRENA as the source and copyright holder. Material in this publication that is attributed to third parties may be subject to separate terms of use and restrictions, and appropriate permissions from these third parties may need to be secured before any use of such material.
2 ISBN: 978-92-9260-151-5 Citation: IRENA (2019), Hydrogen: A renewable energy perspective , International renewable energy Agency, Abu DhabiAbout IRENAThe International renewable energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organisation that supports countries in their transition to a sustainable energy future and serves as the principal platform for international co-operation, a centre of excellence, and a repository of policy, technology, resource and financial knowledge on renewable energy .
3 IRENA promotes the widespread adoption and sustainable use of all forms of renewable energy , including bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, solar and wind energy , in the pursuit of sustainable development, energy access, energy security and low-carbon economic growth and report benefited from input and review of experts: Bart Biebuyck (The Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking, FCH JU), Gerald Linke and Michael Walter (German Gas and Water Association, DVGW), Harmut Krause (Head of DBI and Bergakademie Freiberg), Han Feenstra (Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy of the Netherlands), Frank Wouters (EU-GCC Clean energy Technology Network), Paul Lucchese (IEA Hydrogen TCP and Capenergies)
4 And Tim Karlsson (The International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy, IPHE). Roland Roesch, Asami Miketa, Aakarshan Vaid and Sean Ratka (IRENA) also provided valuable support. IRENA is grateful for the generous support of the Government of : Dolf Gielen, Emanuele Taibi and Raul Miranda (IRENA).Available for download: further information or to provide feedback: DisclaimerThe designations employed and the presentation of materials featured herein are provided on an as is basis, for informational purposes only, without any conditions, warranties or undertakings, either express or implied, from IRENA, its officials and agents, including but not limited to warranties of accuracy.
5 Completeness and fitness for a particular purpose or use of such information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of all Members of IRENA, nor is it an endorsement of any project, product or service provider. The designations employed and the presentation of material herein do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of IRENA concerning the legal status of any region, country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.
6 A renewable energy PERSPECTIVE3 CONTENTSA bbreviations ..41. Overview of Hydrogen and renewables ..73. Strategic considerations .. The need for climate action now .. Current hydrogen use and future projections .. A shift towards production of green hydrogen .. A broadening field of applications .. Fossil fuel-based hydrogen as a transition option .. The role of gas infrastructure for renewable hydrogen .. The potential of clean hydrogen as a new commodity ..214. The role of hydrogen for decarbonisation the hydrogen / renewable energy nexus.
7 Hydrogen production as a driver for accelerated renewable energy deployment .. Increased power system flexibility through hydrogen production .. Hydrogen for seasonal storage of variable renewable electricity ..255. Competitiveness of renewable hydrogen .. Current hydrogen production cost .. Hydrogen logistics cost .. Future hydrogen supply cost ..346. Future hydrogen and hydrogen commodity trade projections .. Leveraging remote renewable energy resources to develop a new global commodity .. Electrofuels .. Beyond fuels: Trade of energy -intensive commodities produced with hydrogen.
8 40 Policy recommendations ..41 References ..44 Hydrogen: 4 C degrees CelsiusALK alkalineATR auto-thermal reformingAUD Australian dollarBtu British thermal unitCAD Canadian dollarCCS carbon capture and storageCCUS carbon capture, utilisation and storageCO carbon monoxideCO2 carbon dioxideCSP concentrating solar powerDAC direct air captureDRI direct-reduced irone-fuel electrofuelEJ exajouleEOR enhanced oil recoveryEUR EuroEV electric vehicleFCEV fuel cell electric vehicleGJ gigajouleGW gigawattH2 hydrogenHRS hydrogen refuelling stationICE internal combustion engineIRENA International renewable energy Agencykm kilometrekW kilowattkWh kilowatt-hourLCOE levelised cost of electricityLCOH levelised cost of hydrogenLNG liquefied natural gasMCH methyl
9 CyclohexaneMM Btu million British thermal unitsMOST China Ministry of Science and TechnologyMRV monitoring, reporting and verificationMt megatonneMW megawattMWh megawatt-hourNDC Nationally Determined ContributionPEM proton exchange membranePPA power purchase agreementPV photovoltaicsR&D research and developmentSOEC solid oxide electrolysis cellsSMR steam methane reformingt tonneTHE Tianjin Mainland Hydrogen Equipment Co., LtdTW terawattUK United KingdomUS United StatesUSD United States dollar ABBREVIATIONSA renewable energy PERSPECTIVE5 Clean hydrogen is enjoying unprecedented political and business momentum, with the number of policies and projects around the world expanding rapidly.
10 Further acceleration of efforts is critical to ensuring a significant share of hydrogen in the energy system in the coming decades. Two key developments have contributed to the growth of hydrogen in recent years: the cost of hydrogen supply from renewables has come down and continues to fall, while the urgency of greenhouse gas emission mitigation has increased, and many countries have begun to take action to decarbonise their economies, notably energy supply and demand. The hydrogen debate has evolved over the past two decades, with a shift in attention from applications for the auto industry to hard-to-decarbonise sectors such as energy -intensive industries, trucks, aviation, shipping and heating applications.
