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1 UNECEI ntelligent Transport Systems (ITS)for sustainable mobilityUnited NationsEconomic Commission for EuropeMinistero delle Infrastrutturee dei TrasportiUnited NationsEconomic Commission for Europe1 intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)for sustainable mobilityNOTEThe designations employed and the presentation of materialin this publication do not imply the expression of any opinionwhatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nationsconcerning the legal status of any country, territory, city orarea, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of itsfrontiers and 9788897212034 intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)for sustainable mobility4 AcknowledgementsThe publication intelligent Transport Systems for sustainable mobility ,funded by SINA - Societ Iniziative Nazionali Autostradali - in Italy, was produced,initiated and prepared by the UNECE Transport Division in cooperation withthe secretaries of the Division. The Transport Division wishes to express its sin-cere thanks to all those who contributed to this publication, either with articlesor administrative services.

2 A special thanks goes to the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Buildingand Urban Development and the Italian Ministry of Infrastructure and Transportfor their consistent support of the UNECE related ITS activities. Additional thanks is expressed to those who contributed to the public consul-tation: Ministry of Transport, Azerbaijan; Federal Public Service Mobility andTransport, Belgium; Republic of Bulgaria, Ministry of Transport, InformationTechnology and Communications; Transport Canada; European Commission,DG MOVE; Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing,France; Israel National Road Safety Authority; Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism (MLIT), Japan; Ministry of Infrastructure and theEnvironment, Netherlands; Norwegian Public Roads Administration; Departmentof Transport Policy and International Affairs, Ministry of Infrastructure Republicof Poland; Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications, Sweden; FederalDepartment of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communication, Switzerland;Mr.

3 Helmut Meelich, TEM/TER Project Manager; Department of Transport,United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Mr. Hermann Meyer, forERTICO - ITS Europe; Mr. Nico Anten for Connekt/ITS Netherlands; Mr. VladimirKryuchkov, CEO for ITS Russia; Dr. Paul Vorster, for ITS South Africa; Mr. RichardHarris for ITS UK; Dr. Costas Panou, Asst. Professor of Transportation , Trade & Transport Aegean University - Business School, Greece; Torok (PhD) for the KTI - Institute for Transport Sciences; Mr. Jorge Acha-Daza for the Mexican Transport Institute; ASECAP - European Association ofOperators of Toll Road Infrastructure, Brussels; Ms. Caroline Visser for theInternational Road Federation (IRF); Mr. Amin Aschdjai-Benissi for KapschTraffic Com, Vienna; Mr. Yves van der Straaten for the International Organizationof Motor Vehicle Manufacturers, Transport Systems5 ForewordUnited Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon ..8 Minister of Infrastructures and Transports - Minister of Transport, Building and Urban Development - GermanyDr.

4 Peter Ramsauer ..12 SINA SpA (ASTM-SIAS group) Chairman of the board Agostino Spoglianti ..14 IntroductionUnited Nations Economic Commission for Europe ( UNECE ) ..16 Transport in and intelligent Transport 1 Background Long-term and wide-ranging transport Technical overview of intelligent Transport Basic definitions and preliminary Road transport: the growing interest in safety, security, quality and efficiency .. The concepts of safety and security in transport: the role of the intelligent Transport Systems .. A short outlook on ITS .. Roadside contribution to the safety of transport: the role of ITS .. Passive, active and preventive safety for vehicles: the role of on-board Information and Communication Technologies .. Cooperative technologies .. ICT infrastructure and communication networks .. ITS in urban transport .. Applications for the transport of dangerous goods (safety and security).

5 52 ContentsContentsITS for sustainable mobility64 Outlook of UNECE action in the field of ITS and current The UNECE Transport Division s approach to ITS .. Working Parties and groups of UNECE : generalities, activities and aims .. Activities performed by UNECE bodies in the field of ITS .. Informal Group on ITS under for in-vehicle ITS .. Informal working group on telematics - Working Party on the Transport of Dangerous Goods ( ).. UNECE Road Safety Forum ( ) - Informal working group for harmonization of VMS pictograms .. Expert group for safety in road tunnels .. E-CMR .. Rail transport .. Inland Water Transport ..645 Summary of benefits and challenges in the promotion of Benefits .. Challenges ..67 Annexes Some examples and Best practices (enclosed CD ROM) ..70 List of acronyms ..71 References ..73 2 Strategic note1 The UNECE Transport Division s vision, commitment and Road Map for Transport growth reaches its.

6 But ITS can expand the transport sector s What is ITS?..846 ITS can contribute to the solution of global ITS and Environment ITS and public ITS and the Global road safety crisis ..867 Why is ITS not adequately addressed on the policy agenda?..86 ContentsContentsIntelligent Transport Systems78 Gaps and stumbling blocks in ITS Lukewarm political will and limited public understanding of ITS benefits .. Protection of private Different speeds of the public and private sectors .. Lack of a commonly agreed definition for ITS .. Inter-operability continues to be an issue .. Fragmentation of technical standards .. Lack of harmonized policies .. Frequency Question of Liability .. Lack of infrastructure .. Lack of or limited ITS Non-harmonised Variable Message Signs decrease safety on the roads ..949 UNECE s support for In-vehicle .. Vehicle to Vehicle to infrastructure .. Road Safety and Road Transport of Dangerous Goods.

7 Intermodal Transport .. Inland Water Transport .. Rail Transport .. Trans-European Railway and Trans-European Motorway projects .. The ForFITs Project ..9810 What s next?.. 3 Road MapThe reasons for the UNECE Road Map on intelligent Transport System (ITS)..104 The Road Map: 20 global actions to promote the use of will the Road Map and its actions be implemented?..111 ITS for sustainable mobility8 Technology has been fundamental to transport throughouthuman history, but recent rapid advances in information te-chnology promise to transform transport management inways that would have been inconceivable until as information and communication technologies arecrucial for sustainable development, so can their use acce-lerate the greening of transportation. Such a transformation is essential. In Europe, almost 20 per cent of gross do-mestic product is generated by the transport sector. This equates to billionsof euros and millions of jobs.

8 Our collective challenge is to improve roadsafety, reduce the congestion of transport corridors for people and freight,and minimize the negative environmental impact of transport. By minimizing traffic congestion and making public transport more attractive,we can significantly reduce transport-generated pollution - including CO2emis-sions - and stimulate sustainable economic growth. We can help emerging eco-nomies to leap-frog an outmoded development model and integrate more su-stainably into the global economy. The answer lies in intelligent Transport Systems, options that include real-timetravel information services, new-generation systems for infrastructure chargingand sophisticated management models across all transport modes. To be mosteffective, such systems need to be deployed systematically throughout a giventransportation system and across countries. And, since a set of core technologiesunderpins most intelligent Transport Systems, it will be necessary for all thoseresponsible for managing them to have the necessary instruction in their appli-cation and use, particularly when deployed on a very large scale.

9 This publication is the first step on this journey. I commend it to governments,academia, industry and all other stakeholders that, together, will be needed tomake the vision of intelligent Transport Systems a reality. United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moonBan Ki-moonForewordForewordIntelligent Transport Systems9 Picture: UN photo - Mark GartenITS for sustainable mobility10 Transport and Communication are among the key assets ofevery governmental policy in our fast changing world. Inthe present times of economic impasse, the adoption ofcost-efficient measures in order to make the transport sy-stem as efficient as possible brings transport policies atthe utmost priorities, demanding urgent efforts and specificdedication from all the social, political and economic policymakers all over the world. Furthermore, mobility policy is part of a complexpattern which need coordinated vision, commitment and investments so asto have visible results, have safer and reliable transport networks as well assafer and performing this context, the deployment of intelligent Transport System must be consi-dered as the sole tool able to maximize the chances of making the best use ofinvestments, planning and resources, and create a visible profitable international scenario is essential to build up a defined and shared policyof intents and operative rules, so to reach a rewarding operational flexibilitythrough proper agreements in the international field.

10 Hence, the whole transportsystem will benefit from technology and from intelligent Transport System ap-plication. Hence, the concept of the UNECE Road Map on intelligent TransportSystem has met - the same intent of the Italian government of highlighting thetechnological application to vehicle and infrastructure to build up the seamlessintelligent corridors of transport of the economical development worldwide - in the different circumstances - willhave its boost only through the development of safe and reliable transport net-work. Nowadays, technology plays a quintessential role both for vehicle and in-frastructure allowing an upgrade of safety standards and allowing the efficiencyperformance which lead also to the betterment of the quality of life the UNECE Road Map, Italy does share the precept that through ITS techno-logy and the best practices exchange, a safer, reliable and efficient transport sy-stem will be grant to the future of Infrastructures and Transports - Italy ForewordForewordIntelligent Transport Systems11 Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei TrasportiITS for sustainable mobility12 Mobility allows all of us to enjoy a high degree of freedomand quality of life.