Transcription of シェールガス環境影響シリーズ ... - IEE JAPAN
1 IEEJ 2013 7 1 1 2000 2 2007 8% 2011 30% 3 2040 50 4 1 2 3 1. 1,000 5,000 m 1 IEEJ 2013 7 2 2000
2 Vertical Drilling Horizontal Drilling 2000m 5 Well Casing 600m Conductor Casing Surface Casing Perforation Hydraulic Fracturing Fracturing Mixture Fracturing 10 1 100m 6 Drillout 7 200 300 8 Drill out IEEJ 2013 7 3 Flow back 30% 70%9
3 VOC 1 100m [ ]600m1000m5000m IEEJ 2013 7 4 10 11 3 Vertical Drilling Horizontal Drilling Well
4 Casing Perforation Hydraulic Fracturing Drill out Flow back IEEJ 2013 7 5 2. Marcellus 1,000 ( 300m) 4,700 ( 1,400m)
5 Marcellus 12 13 14 15 API 16 IEEJ 2013 7 6 17 Safe Drinking Water Act SDWA 1974 18 SDWA 1948 Clean Water Act19 EPA Underground Injection Control UIC
6 20 Clean Water Act EPA NPDES(National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System) 21 EPA EPA 1% ( ) 1 Btu British thermal unit 1 22 IEEJ 2013 7 7 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( / / ) < < MIT(2011)
7 ,The Future of Natural Gas VOC 23 24 25 26 EPA Clean Air Act 2012 4 Reduced Emission Completions RECs VOC 27 28 RECs RECs 29 30 2011 EPA GHG 2013 2 IEEJ 2013 7 8 GHG 31 2 RECs Reduced Emission Completions RECs
8 95% 2 2000 2180 2009 EPA Reduced Emissions Completions for Hydraulically Fractured Natural Gas Wells 150 US Environmental Protection Agency 32 2012 7 2 33 34 2012 12 35 IEEJ 2013 7 9 3.
9 1940 250 60 36 10
