Industrial Solutions Chlor-Alkali Electrolysis

1 Industrial Solutions Chlor-Alkali Electrolysis Three Best-in-Class Technologies Six centers of excellence, global reach Headquarters Dortmund Milan houston We not only offer you the three market-leading technologies for Chlor-Alkali Electrolysis , we also offer an all-round package as a one-stop-shop supplier.. Denis Krude, CEO, thyssenkrupp Uhde Chlorine Engineers Why we are best in class At thyssenkrupp Uhde Chlorine Engineers we supply leading technologies and comprehensive Solutions for high-efficiency Electrolysis plants. Headquartered in Dortmund, Germany, we are represented around the world with additional centers of excellence in Okayama, Tokyo, Shanghai, Milan and houston . Thanks to our Okayama Tokyo global presence we are always close to our customers and capable of providing fast and comprehensive technology services.

2 Some Shanghai indication of our size is given by the annual output of 39 million metric tons (mt) of chlorine from Chlor-Alkali Electrolysis plants for which we were awarded contracts. We are not just world-leading experts for electrochemical technol- ogies but also part of the thyssenkrupp group. It has a global footprint at over 70 locations worldwide which we can leverage. At thyssenkrupp Uhde Chlorine Engineers we profit from thyssenkrupp as a powerful parent, sturdy backbone and source of expanded global reach as well as additional technological know- how. And our customers benefit from synergies within the Group. Content 04 Technology expertise & EPC competence Three best-in-class technologies: 06 - BiTAC family (filter press). 10 - series (single-element). 14 - ODC technology 16 Cost-effective Solutions 18 Service portfolio thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions thyssenkrupp Uhde Chlorine Engineers Technology expertise and EPC.

3 Competence from your one-stop shop Worldwide, we have planned and implemented some 600 electrochemical projects, over 40 of them as turnkey engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) plants. Feedstocks Brine treatment Purification Saturated brine Filtration Precipitation NaCl and clarification Membrane Sodium chloride salt Electrolysis Salt storage 2 NaCl + 2 H2O. and g Alternative feedstock handling Saturation Cl2 + 2 NaOH + H2. KCl Sulphate Potassium chloride salt concentration and removal Anolyte dechlorination Gypsum Depleted brine Reduced Chlorate purge decomposition Transformer / rectifier In all these projects, we have worked side considerations into account. The expertise by side with customers and extensively we have gained in the field of electrochemi- proven our expertise in implementing pro- cal plants is partly the fruit of long-lasting jects from small facilities to huge Chlor-Alkali collaboration with important Industrial plants with capacities of over 800,000 mt/ partners and customers.

4 Year of NaOH. From the licensing business through engineering and procurement pro- Added value and jects to very complex, turnkey projects we complete process chains have demonstrated our ability to implement Our proven EPC competence in turnkey projects on time, to the highest standards projects is enhanced by the know-how, of quality, and to our customers' complete resources and global experience of satisfaction. thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions . Our business area also offers EDC, Proven quality VCM and PVC plants which can use the At thyssenkrupp Uhde Chlorine Engineers chlorine directly for EDC production. we offer state-of-the-art products that fea- ture engineering of the highest quality while taking economic , ecological and safety Products Caustic Chlorine treatment Hypo- Tail gas Absorption and chlorite*.

5 Chlorine safety system Dry Compression Liquefaction Storage Evaporation chlorine Liquid chlorine Hydro- HCl synthesis chloric acid Hydrogen Hydrogen treatment Hydrogen Caustic 32 %. Caustic Catholyte cooling 32 %**. Caustic 30 % Caustic Caustic concentration 50 %**. H20 * NaClO or KClO. ** NaOH or KOH. 06 . Sample reference: Ningxia Risheng, China (commissioned in 2018 and 2019). NaOH capacity: 320,000 mt/year Two different BiTAC generations in a single cell room, nx-BiTAC and nx-BiTAC plus, each with 160,000 mt/. year. An extensive reference list is available on request. BiTAC 07. The BiTAC family: Setting standards in low power consumption The latest BiTAC generation in our portfolio is based on more than two decades of expertise and experience in filter press technology. First marketed in 1994, the pioneering 2005 further reduced power consumption filter press bipolar ion-exchange mem- to 2,060kWh/t and featured a brane process electrolyzer, BiTAC, set a fine cathode mesh.

6 In 2013 the launch of new power consumption benchmark of the nx-BiTAC marked another milestone 2,200 kWh/t at 6kA/m2. Such a high cur- in energy savings with a consumption of rent density had also never before been 2,010 2,025kWh/t. It was also the first achieved by a zero-gap cell. Moreover, ever cell to include a fine anode mesh. BiTAC minimized damage to the ion- Within three years of first being marketed, exchange membranes, which tend to be nx-BiTAC had achieved record sales of more vulnerable in a zero-gap environment. 20 projects worldwide. Then, in 2019. These BiTAC design features have been e-BiTAC v7 started commercial operation, maintained in each subsequent genera- pushing energy consumption to a new tion, with each one having the same active record low of 1980 kWh/t NaOH at 6 kA/m2.

7 Area of The n-BiTAC introduced in e-BiTAC v7 benefits - Fine anode mesh reduces cell voltage (minimized gas stagnation). - Smooth anode surface with no dents thanks to unique spot-welding tip - Superior separation of gas and liquid - Single piece of cathode mesh to fill gap losses and maximize active surface - Elastic MWX spring with a large number of contact points to decrease IR drop and make homogeneous distribution of current density possible - Superior inner circulation to ensure uniform concentration and brine supply 08 . The design of the e-BiTAC v7 elements brings the following benefits: Cathode Anode (NaOH and H2 production) (Cl2 production). Woven mesh cathode with MWX spring The entire active area of the cathode side is covered with a high-density woven mesh with activated cathode coating.

8 Woven mesh conducts current without dampening the advanta- geous effect of the cathode spring and anode mesh. A spring conductor MWX Spring fixed underneath the woven cathode mesh gently pushes the cathode mesh and the ion-exchange membranes against the anode at optimum pressure to protect the ion-exchange membranes from any mechanical damage. The MWX spring is a key feature of today's zero-gap technology. It is designed to maintain optimum elasticity at all levels of spring compression, which ensures a better operating environ- ment for ion-exchange membranes. At the same time, current conductivity is optimized by creating 30,000 contact points per element, thus contributing to a lower cell voltage. Cathode as woven mesh Ion-exchange membrane MWX Spring BiTAC 09. BiTAC element BiTAC element g Hoses Hoses g g Cell Tie Tierods rod Cell rack rack Header The filter press technology utilized Fine anode mesh with smooth surface in the BiTAC series has specific advantages The semi-fine anode mesh allows smoother gas release - Low sealing force required for gaskets, no bolts needed from the anode mesh surface and contributes to voltage - Fast remembraning of complete electrolyzer reduction.

9 A superior current distribution as well as less - Smaller maintenance area required voltage drop across the metallic structure are the result. - Lower power consumption through joining anode and The new no-dent spot welding technique ensures a cathode compartments by explosion bonding completely flat face over the whole anode mesh surface . for uniform contact with the ion-exchange membrane and an extended membrane lifespan. Downcomer The downcomer has a special V-shape and utilizes the gas lift effect to create a high degree of internal brine circulation. This ensures an ideal distribution with uniform By electrolyzing an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, the density and temperature within the anode electrolyzer produces gaseous chlorine and sodium hydroxide as compartment. The cathode compartment has well as hydrogen, the principal by-product.

10 Chlorine is produced no downcomer as caustic soda and hydrogen at the anodes, sodium hydroxide and hydrogen at the cathodes. are easily separated and the difference The overall reaction is as follows: between the inlet and outlet concentrations of the caustic soda are very small. 2 NaCl + 2 H2O g Cl2 + 2 NaOH + H2. 10 . Sample reference: Vestolit Marl, Germany (commissioned 2007). Capacity: 236,900 t/year of NaOH;. 210,000 t/year of Cl2. An extensive reference list is available on request. 11. The single-element series: Major energy savings from zero-gap technology Nearly 30 years after the Uhde single-element membrane cell was first marketed, the highly successful series is now available in generation 6 plus . However, cells from every generation are compatible, having identical dimen- sions that fit in the electrolyzer racks.