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Inner Product Spaces - Axler
point at the origin). Thus two vectors in R2are orthogonal (with respect to the usual Euclidean inner product) if and only if the cosine of the angle between them is 0, which happens if and only if the vectors are perpendicular in the usual sense of plane geometry. Thus you can think of the word orthogonal as a fancy word meaning perpendicular.
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Linear Algebra Abridged
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