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International Debt Statistics 2022

INTERNATIONALD EBT S TAT I S T I C S2022 International Debt Statistics 2022 International Debt Statistics 2022 2021 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: rights reserved1 2 3 4 24 23 22 21 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpreta-tions, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the infor-mation, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other infor-mation shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically and PermissionsThis work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution IGO license (CC)

David Malpass President World Bank Group. ix T his volume was prepared by the Debt . Statistics Team of the Development Data Group (DECDG) at the World Bank, led by Evis Rucaj and comprising Parul Agarwal, Arturo Albarran-Cortes, Arzu Aytekin Balibek, Kifaye Didem Bayar, Daniella Kathyuska Bolanos-Misas,

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1 INTERNATIONALD EBT S TAT I S T I C S2022 International Debt Statistics 2022 International Debt Statistics 2022 2021 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: rights reserved1 2 3 4 24 23 22 21 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpreta-tions, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the infor-mation, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other infor-mation shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically and PermissionsThis work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution IGO license (CC BY IGO) http:// Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions:Attribution Please cite the work as follows: World Bank.

2 2022. International Debt Statistics 2022. Washington, DC: World Bank. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY IGOT ranslations If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World content The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties.

3 The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: (paper): 978-1-4648-1800-4 ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-1801-1 DOI: design: Jomo Tariku, World Bank Library of Congress Control Number has been viiAcknowledgments ixPART I: Overview 1 Overview 3 Key Messages of the 2020 Data Are as Follows 4 Aggregate Financial Flows to Low- and Middle-Income Countries 6 External Debt Stocks in 2020 9 External Debt Flows in 2020 12 IDA Borrowers Eligible for the DSSI External Debt Stocks and Flows 15 Debt Indicators 2011 2020 20 Equity Flows in 2020 23 Supporting Debt Transparency 27 PART II.

4 Aggregate and Country Tables 31 All Low- and Middle-Income Countries 33 East Asia and Pacific 34 Europe and Central Asia 35 Latin America and the Caribbean 36 Middle East and North Africa 37 South Asia 38 Sub-Saharan Africa 39 Afghanistan 40 Albania 41 Algeria 42 Angola 43 Argentina 44 Armenia 45 Azerbaijan 46 Bangladesh 47 Belarus 48 Belize 49 Benin 50 Bhutan 51 Bolivia, Plurinational State of 52 Bosnia and Herzegovina 53 Botswana 54 Brazil 55 Bulgaria 56 Burkina Faso 57 Burundi 58 Cabo Verde 59 Cambodia 60 Cameroon 61 Central African Republic 62 Chad 63 China 64 Colombia 65 Comoros 66 Congo.

5 Democratic Republic of 67 Congo, Republic of 68 Costa Rica 69C te d Ivoire 70 Djibouti 71 Dominica 72 Dominican Republic 73 Ecuador 74 Egypt, Arab Republic of 75El Salvador 76 Eritrea 77 Eswatini 78 Ethiopia 79 Fiji 80 Gabon 81 Gambia, The 82 Georgia 83 Ghana 84 Grenada 85 Guatemala 86 Guinea 87 Guinea-Bissau 88 Guyana 89 Haiti 90 Honduras 91 India 92 Table of ContentsviTABLE OF CONTENTSI ndonesia 93 Iran.

6 Islamic Republic of 94 Jamaica 95 Jordan 96 Kazakhstan 97 Kenya 98 Kosovo 99 Kyrgyz Republic 100 Lao People s Democratic Republic 101 Lebanon 102 Lesotho 103 Liberia 104 Madagascar 105 Malawi 106 Maldives 107 Mali 108 Mauritania 109 Mauritius 110 Mexico 111 Moldova 112 Mongolia 113 Montenegro 114 Morocco 115 Mozambique 116 Myanmar 117 Nepal 118 Nicaragua 119 Niger 120 Nigeria 121 North Macedonia 122 Pakistan 123

7 Panama 124 Papua New Guinea 125 Paraguay 126 Peru 127 Philippines 128 Romania 129 Russian Federation 130 Rwanda 131 Samoa 132S o Tom and Pr ncipe 133 Senegal 134 Serbia 135 Sierra Leone 136 Solomon Islands 137 Somalia 138 South Africa 139 Sri Lanka 140St. Lucia 141St. Vincent and the Grenadines 142 Sudan 143 Syrian Arab Republic 144 Tajikistan 145 Tanzania 146 Thailand 147 Timor-Leste 148 Togo 149 Tonga 150 Tunisia 151 Turkey 152 Turkmenistan 153 Uganda 154 Ukraine 155 Uzbekistan

8 156 Vanuatu 157 Venezuela, RB 158 Vietnam 159 Yemen, Republic of 160 Zambia 161 Zimbabwe 162 APPENDIX: About the Data 163 User Guide to Tables 165 User Guide to IDS Online Tables and Database 167 How to Access IDS Online Country Tables 167 Indicators 169 How to Access the Database 171 Data Sources and Methodology 173 Data Sources 173 Methodology 174 External Debt and Its Components 176 Data Documentation 179 Sources of the Macroeconomic Indicators 184 Country Groups 187 Regional Groups 187 Income Groups 188 Glossary 189 Debtor Reporting System (DRS) 189viiForeword The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprec-edented challenges to low- and middle-income countries.

9 Even prior to the onset of the crisis, rising public debt levels and heightened debt vulnerabilities were already a concern in many countries. These vulnerabilities increased dramati-cally in 2020. The crisis drove up financing needs and thereby public borrowing, while weakening individual countries economic fundamentals and capacity to service and repay public debt. The risk now is that too many countries will emerge from the COVID-19 crisis with a large debt overhang that could take years to manage. The external debt stock of low- and middle-income countries in 2020 rose, on average, percent to $ trillion. However, for many countries the increase was in double digits. The external debt stock of countries eligible for the Group of Twenty (G-20) Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI) rose, on average, 12 percent to $860 billion and in some of them by 20 percent or more.

10 For most countries the rise in external indebtedness was not matched by the growth of gross national income and large-scale shift in the approach to debt transparency is needed to help countries assess and manage their external debt risks and work toward sustainable debt levels and terms. This is particularly urgent given the scheduled expiration of the DSSI at the end of 2021. The World Bank has long played a leading role in the compila-tion and dissemination of external debt Statistics . International Debt Statistics , the World Bank s flagship publication on external debt data, is the most important source of verifiable information on the external debt of low- and middle-income countries and offers a unique dataset that can shape the solutions that will be needed in the com-ing years. International Debt Statistics 2022 raises the bar on debt transparency.


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